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Ninoy Aquino International Airport

Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA /ˈnaɪə/ NA-YAH, locally /nɑː.ˈiː.jə/ NA-ee-YAH; Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈnɐʔia]; Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino; IATA: MNL, ICAO: RPLL), originally known as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines. Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) south of Manila proper and southwest of Makati, it is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for PAL Express, and Philippine Airlines. It is also the main operating base for AirSWIFT, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, and Philippines AirAsia.

Ninoy Aquino International Airport

Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino

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"Manila Airport" redirects here. For other uses, see Manila Airport (disambiguation).

It was named after former Philippine senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., who was assassinated at the airport on August 21, 1983. NAIA is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), an agency of the Department of Transportation (DOTr).[1]


NAIA and Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone, Pampanga, both serve the greater metropolitan area. Clark caters mainly to low-cost carriers because its landing fees have been lower ever since former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called for Clark to replace NAIA as the Philippines' primary airport.[2] NAIA is operating beyond its designed capacity of 35 million passengers, clogging air traffic and delaying flights.[3] As a result, it has consistently been ranked as one of the world's worst airports.[4][5][6][7] A private consortium will oversee the airport's operation and rehabilitation from September 2024.[8] Additionally, two airports are under construction to reduce congestion at NAIA: New Manila International Airport in Bulakan, Bulacan and Sangley Point Airport in Cavite City.[9]


In 2023, it served 45,385,987 passengers, forty-seven percent more than the previous year, making it the busiest airport in the Philippines.[10]

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Renaming proposals[edit]

Repeated efforts to rename the airport have not succeeded. In May 2018, then lawyer Larry Gadon led an online petition at change.org aiming to restore the original name of the airport, Manila International Airport (MIA). Gadon said the renaming of MIA to NAIA in 1987 was "well in advance of the 10-year prescription period for naming public sites after dead personalities".[144]


In June 2020, House Deputy Speaker Paolo Duterte, citing the need of the airport to represent the Filipino people, filed a bill seeking to rename the airport to Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Pilipinas (lit. transl. International Airport of the Philippines). The bill was coauthored by Marinduque Representative Lord Allan Velasco and ACT-CIS Representative Eric Go Yap.[145]


In August 2020, Gadon filed a petition before the Supreme Court questioning the validity of Republic Act No. 6639, the law that named it NAIA. Gadon asserted that Aquino was not among the "pantheon" of the country's declared official heroes. A month later, the Supreme Court unanimously denied the petition to nullify the law for lack of merit.[146]


In April 2022, Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema filed a bill returning the airport to its original name, claiming the name should not have been "politicized in the first place".[147] Cardema tried again in July 2022.[148]


In June 2022, Negros Oriental 3rd district Representative Arnolfo Teves Jr. filed a bill renaming the airport to Ferdinand E. Marcos International Airport after former President Ferdinand Marcos Sr., who authorized the airport's rehabilitation and development through an executive order in 1972.[149] Teves stressed that it is "more appropriate to rename it to the person who has contributed to the idea and execution of the said noble project".[150] The bill drew criticism from senators, who stressed that the renaming would entail historical revisionism.[151]

Structures and facilities[edit]

Runways[edit]

NAIA's primary runway is 3,737 meters (12,260 ft) long and 60 meters (200 ft) wide,[108] running at 061°/241° (designated as Runway 06/24). Its secondary runway is 2,258 meters (7,408 ft) long and 45 meters (148 ft) wide,[109] running at 136°/316° (designated as Runway 13/31). The primary runway was oriented at 06/24 to harness the southeast and southwest winds. Of the 550 daily flights, 100 take the secondary runway. It mainly caters to private planes and propeller aircraft such as the ATR 72-500, Airbus A320, and Airbus A321 aircraft and acts as the main runway of the NAIA Terminal 4.[110]


Runway 13/31 closed in 2020 for rehabilitation.[111] The runway was reopened on February 16, 2021, along with a newly constructed taxiway.[112]

Ground transport[edit]

Inter-terminal transport[edit]

MIAA runs a shuttle bus system that connects the terminals for passengers making connections.[142]


Philippine Airlines operates an airside shuttle service between Terminals 1, 2, and 3.

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On July 25, 1971, a Boeing 707-321C named "Clipper Rising Sun" was on a cargo flight from San Francisco to Saigon. While on a VOR/DME approach to Manila runway 24, the aircraft struck Mount Kamunay at an altitude of 770 meters (2,525 ft). The four occupants were killed.[152]

Pan American World Airways

On November 15, 1974, an Orient Air System and Integrated Services Douglas C-47A RP-C570 was damaged beyond repair after a forced landing in a paddy field shortly after take-off following failure of the starboard engine. One of the eight people on board was killed.[153]

registered

On February 7, 1980, a Boeing 707 from Taipei Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport operating as Flight 811 undershot the runway on landing and caught fire, causing two fatalities.[154]

China Airlines

On September 15, 1981, a Boeing 747 originating from Seoul, South Korea, and bound for Zürich, Switzerland, overshot the runway during takeoff and hit the airport perimeter fence, with its nose blocking traffic on the service road of South Luzon Expressway. The plane had a one-hour layover in Manila when the accident happened. Forty of the 332 passengers and 20 crew were injured.[155][156]

Korean Airlines

On December 13, 1983, a Philair registered RP-C287 crashed shortly after takeoff following an engine failure. The aircraft was on a non-scheduled passenger flight. All ten people on board survived.[157]

Douglas C-47B

On April 28, 1989, a MATS Douglas C-47A registered RP-C81 crashed shortly after takeoff on a non-scheduled domestic passenger flight to following an engine failure. MATS did not have a licence to fly passengers. Seven of the 22 passengers were killed. The aircraft had earlier made a forced landing on a taxiway.[158]

Roxas Airport

On May 6, 1989, a Manila Aero Transport System (MATS) Douglas C-47A registered RP-C82 crashed on takeoff following an engine failure. The aircraft was on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight, although it was not licensed to carry passengers. All 18 people on board survived.

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On July 21, 1989, a BAC One-Eleven operating Flight 124 overran a runway in poor visibility and heavy rain. No passengers or crew were killed but eight people on the ground were killed when the jet crossed a road.[160]

Philippine Airlines

On May 11, 1990, a Philippine Airlines operating Flight 143 suffered an explosion in the center fuel tank near the terminal while preparing for takeoff. The fire and smoke engulfed the aircraft before it could be evacuated. The explosion was similar to what happened to TWA Flight 800 six years later. Eight people died.[161]

Boeing 737-300

On May 18, 1990, an Beechcraft 1900C-1 operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight bound for Surigao Airport crashed into a residential area following takeoff. The aircraft reportedly suffered an engine failure. All 21 occupants and 4 people on the ground were killed.[162]

Aerolift Philippines

On September 4, 2002, an de Havilland Canada Dash 7-102 operating Flight 897 to Caticlan carrying 49 occupants was on approach to Caticlan Airport when the right main gear failed to deploy. The approach was abandoned and the crew decided to return to Manila for an emergency landing. The plane circled for about 35 minutes over Las Piñas to burn off fuel. The crew then carried out an emergency landing with the right gear retracted. After touchdown, the aircraft swerved off the runway onto a grassy area. There were no reported injuries or fatalities, but the aircraft was written off.[163]

Asian Spirit

On November 11, 2002, a Fokker F27 operating Flight 585 took off from Manila runway 31 just after 6 o'clock for a flight to Laoag International Airport. Shortly after takeoff, trouble developed in the left engine. The pilot declared an emergency and attempted to land, but decided at the last minute to ditch into the sea. The aircraft broke up and sank in the water to a depth of about 18 meters (60 ft). 19 of the 34 occupants were killed.[164]

Laoag International Airlines

On November 8, 2003, former chief Panfilo Villaruel and Philippine Navy lieutenant Richard Gatchillar seized the control tower of Terminal 2 around midnight armed with guns and explosives, claiming that they wanted to expose government corruption. They forced out all six air traffic controllers and barricaded themselves inside the control room, causing the diversion of several flights. After three hours, police SWAT teams stormed the control room and opened fire, killing both men.[165]

Air Transportation Office

On August 23, 2009, a Dornier 328 registered RP-C6328 operating Flight 624 was hit by strong crosswinds when decelerating after landing on runway 13. The aircraft veered off the runway and came to a stop in the grass. None of the 32 passengers and 3 crew was injured. The airport had to be temporarily closed to tow the aircraft away.[166]

South East Asian Airlines

On October 17, 2009, a Victoria Air , registered RP-C550, crashed shortly after takeoff on a flight to Puerto Princesa International Airport after an engine malfunctioned. All on board died.[167]

Douglas DC-3

On December 10, 2011, a cargo plane en route to San Jose crashed into houses next to Felixberto Serrano Elementary School in Parañaque after taking off. The crash was attributed to pilot error. At least 14 people including 3 crew members on board the aircraft died, and over 20 were injured. Approximately 50 houses in the residential area were set ablaze.[168]

Beechcraft 65–80 Queen Air

On December 20, 2013, gunmen ambushed Ukol Talumpa, the mayor of , Zamboanga del Sur, in front of the arrival hall of Terminal 3, killing him, his wife and two others and injuring five people.[169]

Labangan

On August 16, 2018, crash-landed amidst heavy monsoon rains. The 737-800 skidded off the end of the runway. All 157 passengers and crew were unharmed, however, the aircraft was written off.[170] According to Flightradar24 data, the flight aborted its first landing attempt.[171]

Xiamen Airlines Flight 8667

On March 29, 2020, a IAI Westwind registered RP-C5880 burst into flames on runway 24 during take off. The plane was conducting a medical evacuation mission bound for Haneda Airport, Japan. All eight occupants consisting of three aircraft crew, three medical crew, and two passengers died.[172]

Lionair

On April 22, 2024, a grass fire broke out during dry weather at an open-air parking space owned by the airport located about 300 meters from NAIA Terminal 3 that was being operated by a private concessionaire, destroying 19 vehicles.

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Manila International Airport Authority

MNL airport departure and arrivals

at NOAA/NWS

Current weather for RPLL

at Aviation Safety Network

Accident history for MNL

Interactive satellite view of NAIA

Philippine Airlines also maintains integrated airport ground handling services, cargo operations and a full catering service for it and other airlines. This is composed of PAL Airport Services, Philippine Airlines Cargo and the PAL Inflight Center.

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Based at both the Centennial Terminal (Terminal 2) and International Cargo Terminal of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, PAL Airport Services offers ground handling for seven international airlines calling at Manila, while Philippine Airlines Cargo processes and ships an average of 200 tonnes of Manila publications and 2 tonnes of mail daily throughout the country and 368 tonnes of cargo abroad daily.