Passion of Jesus
The Passion (from Latin patior, "to suffer, bear, endure")[1] is the short final period before the death of Jesus, described in the four canonical gospels. It is commemorated in Christianity every year during Holy Week.[2]
The Passion may include, among other events, Jesus's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, his cleansing of the Temple, his anointing, the Last Supper, his agony, his arrest, his trials before the Sanhedrin and before Pilate, his crucifixion and death, and his burial. Those parts of the four canonical Gospels that describe these events are known as the Passion narratives. In some Christian communities, commemoration of the Passion also includes remembrance of the sorrow of Mary, the mother of Jesus, on the Friday of Sorrows.
The word passion has taken on a more general application and now may also apply to accounts of the suffering and death of Christian martyrs, sometimes using the Latin form passio.[3]
: some people welcome Jesus when he enters Jerusalem.
Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
The : Jesus expels livestock merchants and money-changers from the Temple of Jerusalem.
Cleansing of the Temple
The by a woman during a meal a few days before Passover. Jesus says that for this she will always be remembered.
Anointing of Jesus
The shared by Jesus and his disciples in Jerusalem. Jesus gives final instructions, predicts his betrayal, and tells them all to remember him.
Last Supper
Jesus predicts the : on the path to Gethsemane after the meal, Jesus tells the disciples they will all fall away that night. After Peter protests he will not, Jesus says Peter will deny him thrice before the cock crows.
Denial of Peter
The : later that night at Gethsemane, Jesus prays while the disciples rest. Luke 22:43–44 adds that Jesus was terrified, and sweating blood; however, the oldest manuscripts of the Gospel of Luke do not contain these two verses, the other three canonical gospels do not mention this event either, and various manuscripts contain these verses elsewhere, even in the Gospel of Matthew (suggesting repeated attempts at insertion); thus, most modern scholars consider this tradition a later Christian interpolation, probably to counter docetism.[7][8][9]
Agony in the Garden
The : then Judas Iscariot leads in either "a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and Pharisees"[10] (accompanied according to Luke's Gospel by the chief priests and elders),[11] or a "large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people,"[12][13] which arrests Jesus; all his disciples run away. During the arrest in Gethsemane, someone (Peter according to John) takes a sword and cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Malchus.
Arrest of Jesus
The at the high priest's palace, later that night. The arresting party brings Jesus to the Sanhedrin (Jewish supreme court); according to Luke's Gospel, Jesus is beaten by his Jewish guards prior to his examination;[14] the court examines him, in the course of which, according to John's Gospel, Jesus is struck in the face by one of the Jewish officials;[15] the court determine he deserves to die. According to Matthew's Gospel, the court then "spat in his face and struck him with their fists."[16] They then send him to Pontius Pilate. According to the synoptic gospels, the high priest who examines Jesus is Caiaphas; in John, Jesus is also interrogated by Annas, Caiaphas' father-in-law.
Sanhedrin trial of Jesus
The in the courtyard outside the high priest's palace, the same time. Peter has followed Jesus and joined the mob awaiting Jesus' fate; they suspect he is a sympathizer, so Peter repeatedly denies he knows Jesus. Suddenly, the cock crows and Peter remembers what Jesus had said.
Denial of Peter
early morning. Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, questions Jesus, but cannot find any fault with him (according to some gospels, Pilate explicitly declares Jesus's innocence); however, the Jewish leaders and the crowd demand Jesus' death; Pilate gives them the choice of saving Barabbas, a criminal, or saving Jesus. In response to the screaming mob Pilate sends Jesus out to be crucified.
Pilate's trial of Jesus
The : Jesus and two other convicts are forced to walk to their place of execution. According to the Synoptics, Simon of Cyrene is forced to carry Jesus's cross, while John writes that Jesus carried his cross himself.
Way of the Cross
The : Jesus and the two other convicts are nailed to crosses at Golgotha, a hill outside Jerusalem, later morning through mid afternoon. Various sayings of Jesus on the cross are recorded in the gospels before he dies.
Crucifixion of Jesus
The : the body of Jesus is taken down from the cross and put in a tomb by Joseph of Arimathea (and Nicodemus according to John).
Burial of Jesus
The : Jesus rises from the dead, leaving behind an empty tomb and reportedly appearing to several of his followers.
Resurrection of Jesus
The trials of Jesus[edit]
The gospels provide differing accounts of the trial of Jesus. Mark describes two separate proceedings, one involving Jewish leaders and one in which the Roman prefect for Judea, Pontius Pilate, plays the key role. Both Matthew and John's accounts generally support Mark's two-trial version. Luke, alone among the gospels, adds yet a third proceeding: having Pilate send Jesus to Herod Antipas. The non-canonical Gospel of Peter describes a single trial scene involving Jewish, Roman, and Herodian officials.[28][29]
On the way to , predicting that the Son of Man will be killed and rise within three days.
Caesarea Philippi
After the , again predicting that the Son of Man will be killed and rise within three days.
transfiguration of Jesus
Prime – 06:00 – "an interlude celebrating Christ as the light of the new day"
[41]
Sext – 12:00 – Jesus's
Crucifixion
None – 15:00 – Jesus's Death
Vespers – 18:00 – "recalling and celebrating the entire daily cycle"
[41]
Responsorial Passions set all of Christ's words and the turba parts polyphonically.
Through-composed Passions were entirely polyphonic (also called motet Passions). wrote the earliest extant example of this type.
Jacob Obrecht
Summa Passionis settings were a synopsis of all four Gospels, including the (a text later set by Haydn and Théodore Dubois). These were discouraged for church use but circulated widely nonetheless.
Seven Last Words
Most garments of the region were made of woven strips of material that were about eight inches wide and included decorative braids from two to four inches (102 mm) wide. The garments could be disassembled and the strips of cloth were frequently recycled. A single garment might hold sections of many different dates. However, in Damascus and Bethlehem cloth was woven on wider looms, some Damascene being 40 inches (1,000 mm) wide. Traditional Bethlehem cloth is striped like pajama material. It would thus appear that Jesus's "seamless robe" was made of cloth from either Bethlehem or Damascus.
[52]
A tradition linked to of Jesus holds that Veronica was a pious woman of Jerusalem who then gave her kerchief to him to wipe his forehead. When he handed it back to her, the image of his face was miraculously impressed upon it.