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Peace of Prague (1635)

The Peace of Prague[c], dated 30 May 1635 Old Style, was a significant turning point in the Thirty Years' War. Signed by John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, the terms ended Saxony's support for the anti-Imperial coalition led by Sweden.

For the settlement ending the Austro-Prussian War, see Peace of Prague (1866).

Signed

30 May 1635[a]

Prague Castle, Bohemia

George II of Hesse-Darmstadt

Numerous[1]

German[b]

Other states within the Holy Roman Empire subsequently joined the treaty, and their exit was a key factor in Catholic France entering the war as an ally of Protestant Sweden. Although fighting continued until 1648, it is generally agreed Prague ended the war as a primarily one of religion.[3][4]

The Edict of Restitution was effectively revoked, and the date for returning properties was established as 12 November 1627. However, under the , Protestant administrators of formally Catholic prince-bishoprics and imperial abbeys were excluded from the Imperial Diet.

Reservatum ecclesiasticum

The treaty was a bilateral agreement between Ferdinand and John George, and other states joined later. Negotiations took eight days and were held in Prague Castle, the site of the Defenestrations of Prague, which had begun the war in 1618.[10] Its terms included the following;

Aftermath[edit]

Accessions[edit]

Many other states and rulers subsequently acceded to the treaty, including:

Asbach, Olaf; Schröder, Peter (2014). The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War. Ashgate.  978-1409406297.

ISBN

Espenhorst, Martin (2016). "The Peace of Prague – A Failed Settlement?". The Ashgate Research Companion to the Thirty Years' War. Ashgate.  9781317041344.

ISBN

Bireley, Robert (2003). The Jesuits and the Thirty Years War: Kings, Courts, and Confessors. Cambridge University Press.  978-0521820172.

ISBN

Bireley, Robert (1976). "The Peace of Prague (1635) and the Counterreformation in Germany". The Journal of Modern History. 48 (1): 31–69. :10.1086/241519. S2CID 143376778.

doi

Engel, Gustav (1980). Politische Geschichte Westfalens (in German). Grote.  978-3774564428.

ISBN

Knox, Bill (2017). Tucker, Spencer (ed.). Enduring Controversies in Military History Volume I: Critical Analyses and Context. Greenwood Press.  978-1440841194.

ISBN

Onnekink, David; Rommelse, Gijs (2019). The Dutch in the Early Modern World: A History of a Global Power. Cambridge University Press.  978-1107125810.

ISBN

Wedgwood, CV (1938). (2005 ed.). New York Review of Books. ISBN 978-1590171462.

The Thirty Years War

Scan of the Imperial-Saxon treaty at IEG Mainz, 81 pages