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Politics of Norway

The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the prime minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.

Politics of Norway

Norges politiske system (Norwegian Bokmål)
Noregs politiske system (Norwegian Nynorsk)

Prime Minister

Monarch

17

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Norway a "full democracy" in 2022.[1] According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Norway was 2023 the second most electoral democratic country in the world.[2] Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2019 Press Freedom Index.[3] Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free", scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties".[4]

4 November 1814: Constitution reenacted in order to form a with the king of Sweden

personal union

1851: Constitutional prohibition against admission of lifted (see Jew clause)

Jews

1884: has evolved since 1884 and entails that the cabinet must not have the parliament against it (an absence of mistrust, but an express of support is not necessary), and that the appointment by the King is a formality when there is a clear parliamentary majority. This parliamentary rule has the status of constitutional custom. All new laws are passed and all new governments are therefore formed de jure by the King, although not de facto. After elections resulting in no clear majority, the King appoints the new government de facto

Parliamentarism

1887: Prohibition against orders lifted

monastic

1898: Universal male established

suffrage

1905: Union with Sweden dissolved

1913: established

Universal suffrage

1956: Religious freedom formalised and prohibition against lifted (see Jesuit clause)

Jesuits

2004: New provision on freedom of expression, replacing the old § 100

2007: Removed the old system of division of Stortinget into the Odelsting and Lagting (took effect after the 2009 general election). Changes to the Court of Impeachment. now part of the Constitution (previously this was only a constitutional custom) (new § 15)

Parliamentary system

The Norwegian constitution, signed by the Eidsvoll assembly on 17 May 1814, transformed Norway from being an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. The 1814 constitution granted rights such as freedom of speech (§100) and rule of law (§§ 96, 97, 99). Important amendments include:

(Statsministerens kontor)

Office of the Prime Minister

(Landbruks- og matdepartementet)

Ministry of Agriculture and Food

(Barne- og likestillingsdepartementet)

Ministry of Children and Equality

(Kulturdepartementet)

Ministry of Culture

(Forsvarsdepartementet)

Ministry of Defence

(Kunnskapsdepartementet)

Ministry of Education and Research

(Miljøverndepartementet)

Ministry of the Environment

(Finansdepartementet)

Ministry of Finance

(Fiskeri- og kystdepartementet)

Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

(Utenriksdepartementet)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(Fornyings- og administrasjonsdepartementet)

Ministry of Government Administration and Reform

(Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet)

Ministry of Health and Care Services

(Justis- og politidepartementet)

Ministry of Justice and the Police

(Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet)

Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion

(Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet)

Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development

(Olje- og energidepartementet)

Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

(Nærings- og handelsdepartementet)

Ministry of Trade and Industry

(Samferdselsdepartementet)

Ministry of Transport and Communications

Monthly national election poll results.

Monthly national election poll results.

Monthly national election poll results for the smaller parties.

Monthly national election poll results for the smaller parties.

Elections are to be held every four years on the second Monday of September.

Impeachment[edit]

Impeachment may be brought against Members of the Council of State, or of the Supreme Court or of the Storting, for criminal offenses which they may have committed in their official capacity. Indictments are raised by the Storting and judged by five Supreme Court justices and six lay judges.

Administrative divisions[edit]

The mainland of Norway is divided into 11 counties (fylker, singular fylke): Agder, Innlandet, Møre og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Vestfold og Telemark, Troms og Finnmark, Trøndelag, Vestland, and Viken. This was reduced in 2020 from 18.[14] In addition are the island group Svalbard and the island Jan Mayen.


Counties and municipalities have local autonomy, but this autonomy is circumscribed by national controls. Counties and municipalities are subject to the oversight of a governor (statsforvalter) appointed by the King in the Council of State. One governor exercises authority in both Oslo and the adjacent county of Viken. Each county has a directly elected county assembly, led by a mayor, which decides upon matters falling within purview of the counties (upper secondary and vocational education, some culture, transport and social services). There is also a governor (sysselmester) on Svalbard, who is under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and not the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development as the other counties.


The counties are divided into 356 municipalities (kommuner, singular kommune) as of 2020.[15] The municipalities are led by directly elected assemblies, which elect a board of aldermen and a mayor. Some municipalities, most notably Oslo, have a parliamentary system of government, where the city council elects a city government that is responsible for executive functions. Some municipalities are also divided into municipal districts or city districts (again, Oslo is one of these) responsible for certain welfare and culture services. These districts are also headed by political assemblies, in some cases elected directly by the citizens. The municipalities deal with a wide range of planning issues and welfare services, and are mostly free to engage in activities which are not explicitly restricted by law. Lately, the functions of the counties and municipalities have been the subject of debates, and changes may take place in the near future.

Dependent areas[edit]

Norway has three dependent areas, all in or near Antarctica: Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, Queen Maud Land in Antarctica, and Peter I Island off West Antarctica. The Norwegian Act of 27 February 1930 declares these areas are subject to Norwegian sovereignty as dependencies.


An attempt to annex East Greenland ended in defeat at the Hague Tribunal in 1933.

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Fiva, J. H.; A. Halse; G. J. Natvik (2023). Norwegian Local Government Dataset

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Fiva, J. H.; R. J. Sørensen; R. Vøllo (2021). Norwegian Local Candidate Dataset

Fiva, J. H. and D. M. Smith (2022): "Norwegian Parliamentary Elections, 1906-2021"