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Princess Stéphanie of Belgium

Princess Stéphanie Clotilde Louise Herminie Marie Charlotte of Belgium (21 May 1864 – 23 August 1945) was a Belgian princess who became Crown Princess of Austria through marriage to Crown Prince Rudolf, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Stéphanie of Belgium

(1864-05-21)21 May 1864
Palace of Laeken, Laeken, Brussels, Belgium

23 August 1945(1945-08-23) (aged 81)
Pannonhalma Archabbey, Pannonhalma, Kingdom of Hungary

(m. 1881; died 1889)
Prince Elemér Lónyay of Nagy-Lónya
(m. 1900)

Princess Stéphanie was the second daughter of King Leopold II of Belgium and Marie Henriette of Austria. She married in Vienna on 10 May 1881 Crown Prince Rudolf, son and heir of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. They had one child, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie. Stéphanie's marriage quickly became fragile. Rudolf, depressed and disappointed by politics, had multiple extramarital affairs, and contracted a venereal disease that he transmitted to his wife, rendering her unable to conceive again. In 1889, Rudolf and his mistress Mary Vetsera were found dead in an apparent murder-suicide pact at the imperial hunting lodge at Mayerling in the Vienna Woods.


In 1900, Stéphanie married again, to Count Elemér Lónyay de Nagy-Lónya et Vásáros-Namény, a Hungarian nobleman of lower rank; for this, she was excluded from the House of Habsburg. However, this second union was happy. After the death of her father in 1909, Stéphanie joined her older sister Louise to claim from the Belgian courts the share of the inheritance of which they both felt they had been stripped.


Until World War II, Count and Countess Lónyay (elevated to the princely rank in 1917) peacefully spent their lives at Rusovce Mansion in Slovakia. In 1935, Stéphanie published her memoirs, entitled Je devais être impératrice ("I Had to Be Empress"). In 1944, she disinherited her daughter, who had divorced to live with a socialist deputy and whom she had not seen since 1925. The arrival of the Red Army in April 1945, at the end of the war, forced Stéphanie and her husband to leave their residence and take refuge in the Pannonhalma Archabbey in Hungary. Stéphanie died of a stroke in the abbey later the same year.

Prince Franz Joseph of Windisch-Graetz (: Franz Josef Marie Otto Antonius Ignatius Oktavianus; born Prague 22 March 1904 – died Nairobi 1 January 1981), married in Brussels on 3 January 1934 with Countess Ghislaine d'Arschot Schoonhoven (who wrote a biography of her mother-in-law named L'archiduchesse rouge: La vie d'Élisabeth-Marie, orpheline de Mayerling [The Red Archduchess: The Life of Elisabeth-Marie, Orphan of Mayerling] in which her grandmother-in-law Stéphanie is often mentioned). They had two children.

German

Prince Ernst of Windisch-Graetz (: Ernst Weriand Maria Otto Antonius Expeditus Anselmus; born Prague 21 April 1905 – died Vienna 21 December 1952), married firstly in Vienna on 17 October 1927 (divorced 1938, annulled 1940) Ellen (Helena) Skinner, and secondly in Schwarzenbach an der Pielach, Lower Austria, on 11 May 1947 Baroness Eva von Isbary. With issue in both marriages.

German

Prince Rudolph of Windisch-Graetz (: Rudolf Johann Maria Otto Joseph Anton Andreas; born Ploskovice 4 February 1907 – died Vienna 14 June 1930).

German

(German: Stephanie Eleonore Maria Elisabeth Kamilla Philomena Veronika; born Ploskovice 9 July 1909 – died at Uccle 7 September 2005), married firstly in Brussels on 22 July 1933 Count Pierre d'Alcantara di Querrieu, and secondly in Brussels on 14 November 1945 Carl Axel Björklund. With issue in both marriages.

Princess Stephanie of Windisch-Graetz

Stéphanie's only daughter, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie, finally obtained a divorce from her husband, Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz in early 1948 and on 4 May of that year, she married her longtime partner Petznek in a registry office in Vienna. Estranged from her four children (of whom two died before her), after Leopold Petznek's death in 1956 from a heart attack, Elisabeth Marie (confined to a wheelchair due to gout) became reclusive until her death on 16 March 1963 at the Windisch-Graetz Villa in Hütteldorf, Vienna and was buried in an unmarked tomb (only recognized by the burial codification group 2, number G72) at the Hütteldorfer cemetery next to her husband; near her were buried her two sons who predeceased her, Rudolf and Ernst. Like her mother before her, she also disinherited her two surviving children: she left some 500 heirlooms, owned by the Habsburg Imperial family and inherited by her, to the Republic of Austria, and the extensive park of her Windisch-Graetz villa, in a prime Viennese residential area, was willed to the city of Vienna for the construction of a new residential complex.


From her first marriage, Elisabeth Marie had had four children:[91]


As of 2021, Stéphanie had eight great-grandchildren, 24 great-great-grandchildren and 32 great-great-great-grandchildren.

Invention[edit]

As the New York Times noted, Stéphanie "invented a new chafing dish and spirit lamp combined, and [took] out patents in England, France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium".[92] Her 1908 decision to take out a US patent on a chafing dish surprised the New York Times, not because of her lineage but because "throughout Europe the proficiency of Columbia’s daughters with the chafing dish is traditional…".[92]

Titles and heraldry[edit]

Titles[edit]

At her birth, as the daughter of King Leopold II, Stéphanie was titled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony, with the predicate of Royal Highness, according to the titles of her house, and bears the unofficial title of Princess of Belgium, which will be officially regularized by Royal Decree dated 14 March 1891.[93]

In , Place Stéphanie, created in 1840 and connecting Place Louise to Bois de la Cambre, bears the name of the Princess from 1875.[94]

Brussels

In Brussels, the is a road tunnel of 465 mt. long, connecting Place Poelaert to Avenue Louise, construction of which was completed in 1957.[95]

Stéphanie Tunnel

The Archiduchesse Stéphanie, built in 1890 by the Cockerill shipyards in Hoboken, was intended the following year for the service of the Haut-Congo flotilla.[96]

steamboat

The , also known as Lake Stéphanie, located in Ethiopia and discovered by the Austro-Hungarian explorers Sámuel Teleki and Ludwig von Höhnel in 1887–1888, was named in honor of the princess.[97]

Lake Chew Bahir

In , in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, Lake Kozjak has an ovoid islet of 1.4 hectares, called "Stephanie's islet" in memory of the princess, who visited the site shortly before 1900.[98]

Croatia

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Belgium

Lake Stefanie

Stephanie's Astrapia

Astrapia

de Belgique, Louise (1921). (in French). Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN 978-2-87106-192-2.

Autour des trônes que j'ai vu tomber

de Belgique, Stéphanie (2003). Je devais être impératrice: Mémoires des filles de Léopold II (in French). Brussels: Le Cri – Preface by Georges-Henri Dumont.  978-2-87106-324-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

ISBN

de Windisch-Graetz, Ghislaine (1990). L'archiduchesse rouge: La vie d'Élisabeth-Marie, orpheline de Mayerling 1883-1963 (in French). Paris: Duculot.  978-2-8011-0881-9. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

ISBN

Defrance, Olivier (2001). Louise de Saxe-Cobourg: Amours, argent, procès (in French). Brussels: Racine.  978-2-87386-230-5.

ISBN

de Golesco, Hélène; de Weisme, Augustine (1944). (in French). Brussels: La Renaissance du livre.

Marie-Henriette, reine des Belges

Enache, Nicolas (1999). La descendance de Marie-Thérèse de Habsburg (in French). Paris: Éditions L'intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux.  978-2-908003-04-8.

ISBN

Kerckvoorde, Mia (2001). Marie-Henriette: une amazone face à un géant (in French). Translated by Marie Hooghe. Brussels: Racine.  2-87386-261-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

ISBN

Schiel, Irmgard (1980). Stéphanie princesse héritière dans l'ombre de Mayerling (in French). Translated by Dominique Mols. Gembloux: Duculot.  978-3-421-01867-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

ISBN