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Profintern

The Red International of Labor Unions (Russian: Красный интернационал профсоюзов, romanized: Krasnyi internatsional profsoyuzov, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern (Russian: Профинтерн), was an international body established by the Communist International (Comintern) with the aim of coordinating communist activities within trade unions. Formally established in 1921, the Profintern aimed to act as a counterweight to the influence of the so-called "Amsterdam International", the social-democratic International Federation of Trade Unions (founded in 1919), an organization which the Comintern branded as "class-collaborationist" and as an impediment to revolution. After entering a period of decline in the middle 1930s, the Profintern was finally dissolved in 1937 with the advent of Comintern's "Popular Front" policy.

Founded

July 3, 1921

1937

Moscow, Soviet Union

  • International

Mikhail Tomsky
Solomon Lozovsky
Andreu Nin

Communist International

G. Zinoviev, Foreword by Tom Glynn. Melbourne: Proletarian Publishing Association, October 1920.

The Communist Internationale to the IWW: An Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Third Internationale at Moscow.

Constitution of the Red International of Labour Unions: Adopted at the First World Congress Held in Moscow, July 1921. London: British Bureau, Red International of Labour Unions, 1921.

J.T. Murphy, The 'Reds' in Congress: Preliminary Report of the First World Congress of the Red International of Trade and Industrial Unions. London: British Bureau, Red International of Labour Unions, 1921.

Tom Mann, Russia in 1921. British Bureau, Red International of Labour Unions, 1921.

n.c. [Chicago]: Voice of Labor, 1921.

Resolutions and Decisions of the First International Congress of Revolutionary Trade and Industrial Unions.

Labor Herald Library no. 6. Chicago: Trade Union Educational League, 1923.

"Constitution of the Red International of Labor Unions, as of 2nd World Congress — Nov. 1922."

Chicago: Trade Union Educational League, 1923.

Resolutions and Decisions of the Second World Congress of the Red International of Labor Unions: Moscow — November 1922.

Resolutions and Decisions, RILU, 1923: Resolution on the Report of the Executive Bureau. n.c.: Red International of Labor Unions. Executive Bureau, n.d. [1923?].

M. Tomsky, Moscow: Commission for Foreign Relations of the Central Council of Trade Unions of the USSR, 1927.

The Trade Unions, the Party and the State: Extracts of Speeches by Comrade Tomsky at the III Session of the Profintern on June 29, 1923, and...

A. Lozovsky, Red International of Labor Unions, 1927.

What is the Red International of Labor Unions?

New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1929.

Problems of Strike Strategy: Decisions of the International Conference on Strike Strategy, held in Strassburg, Germany, January 1929

G.M. Adibekov, Krasnyi internatsional profsoiuzov: Ocherki istorii Profinterna. (The Red International of Trade Unions: Studies in the History of the Profintern.) Moscow: Profizdat, 1971. —Translated into German as Die Rote Gewerkschaftsinternationale, Berlin, 1973.

Birchall, Ian. "Profintern: Die Rote Gewerkschaftsinternationale 1920–1937," Historical Materialism, 2009, Vol. 17 Issue 4, pp 164–176, review (in English) of a German language study by Reiner Tosstorff* Josephine Fowler, "From East to West and West to East: Ties of Solidarity in the Pan-Pacific Revolutionary Trade Union Movement, 1923–1934." International Labor and Working-Class History, no. 66 (2004), pp. 99–117.

Earl R. Browder, The Toiler (New York), v. 4, whole no. 192 (Oct. 15, 1921), pp. 9–10.

"The Red Trade Union International: The First World Congress of Revolutionary Unions,"

E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 7: Socialism in One Country, 1924-1926, Volume 3, Part 1. London: Macmillan, 1964.

E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 8: Socialism in One Country, 1924-1926, Volume 3, Part 2. London: Macmillan, 1964.

E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 12: Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926-1929, Volume 3, Part 1. London: Macmillan, 1976.

E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 13: Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926-1929, Volume 3, Part 2. London: Macmillan, 1976.

E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 14: Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926-1929, Volume 3, Part 3. London: Macmillan, 1978.

Kevin McDermott, The Czech Red Unions, 1918-1929: A Study in Their Relation with the Communist Party and the Moscow Internationals. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs/Columbia University Press, 1988.

Albert Resis, The RILU: Origins to 1923. PhD dissertation. Columbia University, 1964.

Arthur Rosenberg, , Mike Jones, trans., What Next. www.whatnextjournal.co.uk/ —First published as "Kommunismus und kommunistische Gewerkschaften" in Internationales Handworterbuch des Gewerkschaftswesen, Berlin, 1932, pp. 979–984.

"Communism and the Communist Trade Unions" (1932)

Geoffrey Swain, "Was the RILU Really Necessary?," European History Quarterly, No. 1 (1987), pp. 57–77.

Reiner Tosstorff, Communist History Network Newsletter, issue 8, July 2000.

"Moscow or Amsterdam? The Red International of Labour Unions, 1920/21-1937."

Reiner Tosstorff: The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) 1920-1937. [2004] Ben Fowkes, trans. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2018.

Evan E. Young, DoJ/BoI Investigative Files, NARA collection M-1085, reel 936, file 202600-1350-2. Corvallis, OR: 1000 Flowers Publishing, 2007.

"Brief Report on the 1st World Congress of RILU: Moscow, July 3-19, 1921."

National Minority Movement

Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition

Trade Union Educational League

Trade Union Unity League

at Marxists Internet Archive, Retrieved August 17, 2023. —Links to multiple articles on RILU.

"Profintern Internet Archive,"