Tatarstan
Tatarstan (Tatar: Татарстан; Russian: Татарстан), officially the Republic of Tatarstan,[a] sometimes also called Tataria,[b] is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital and largest city is Kazan, an important cultural centre in Russia. The region's main source of wealth is oil with a strong petrochemical industry.
This article is about the republic in Russia. For the ship Tatarstan, see Gepard-class frigate.
Republic of Tatarstan
The republic borders the oblasts of Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, and Bashkortostan. The area of the republic is 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi), occupying 0.4% of the total surface of the country.[15] As of the 2021 Census, the population of Tatarstan was 4,004,809.[8]
Tatarstan has strong cultural, linguistic, and ethnic ties with its eastern neighbour, Bashkortostan.[16][17]
The official languages of the republic are Tatar and Russian.[18]
Education[edit]
The most important facilities of higher education include Kazan Federal University, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan National Research Technological University, World Information Distributed University, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev and Russian Islamic University. All of these are located in the capital city, Kazan.
Public spaces[edit]
Tatarstan takes a unique participatory approach to the development of public spaces that has earned it recognition. The Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme aims to create spaces for meeting or recreation.[80] The programme covers a wide spectrum of projects, including streets, squares, parks, river banks, pavilions, and sports facilities.[80]
Since 2016[80] (and continuing until 2022), the Architecturny Desant Architectural Bureau in Kazan[81] has improved public spaces in each of Tatarstan's 45 municipal districts, from large cities to small villages.[82] As of April 2019, the project had revamped 328 public spaces.[83] By creating and rehabilitating public spaces, the programme aims to be a catalyst for positive social, economic, and environmental change.[84]
One notable example is the "Beach" at Almetyevsk, which includes public swimming pools and a terrace.[80] Other examples include an amphitheatre in Black Lake Park, Kazan; the Central Square in Bavly; a children's playground in Bogatye Saby village, which has a unique wooden play structure; the Cube container centre in the green beach at Gorkinsko-Ometievsky forest, Kazan; and the square on Festival Boulevard, Kazan.[84]
The programme used an innovative participatory design approach,[85] which later became mandatory for similar projects across Russia.[84] This approach partners specialists with local residents at every stage of the project, from development, to implementation, to the ongoing use of the space.[85]
The Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme was announced as one of the six winners of the 2019 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[86][87][88] The jury was impressed by the programme's systematic approach and involvement of residents to decide the future of each space.[85][89]
Each public space expresses the unique identity of that particular place,[84] tying in its history while incorporating traditional materials.[85] Major goals of the projects include improving the quality of life for residents and improving the environment.[85] The Arhitekturnyi Desant team aims to provide a high quality public space, no matter the size of the settlement, including quality design, infrastructure, and materials.[85]
Spending on the public spaces projects is helping the local economy.[80] The number of street furniture manufacturers in the area, for example, has increased from 12 to 75 since the programme started.[80]
