Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920. The First Hungarian Republic was founded from the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Mihály Károlyi during the Aster Revolution in 1918, at the end of World War I. In March 1919, the republic was overturned by another revolution, and the Hungarian Soviet Republic was created. Unresolved conflicts led to wars between Hungary and its neighbor states (Kingdom of Romania,[1] Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes[2][3] and the evolving Czechoslovakia[1]) in 1919. The Hungarian Soviet Republic ceased to exist after the Romanian occupation. The 1920 Treaty of Trianon in Versailles created the Kingdom of Hungary.
Prekmurje and Yugoslav Clashes against Hungary[edit]
See also 1918 occupation of Međimurje and Creation of Yugoslavia
Shortly after the Kingdom of Serbia was liberated, the new Banat republic was proclaimed on 1st of November, but it was not able to achieve control over most of the territory it claimed; the Belgrade Agreement of 15 November 1918 and previous Allied promises had mandated Serbian control, and the Serbian army entered western and central parts of Banat (including Temeschwar) and abolished the republic; the Romanian army entered the eastern part of the region. Bačka and Baranja were also handed over to a provisional local Serbian administration that governed from Novi Sad.
Meanwhile a revolt erupted in several villages in the eastern Međimurje and quickly spread across the region among the population. The next day the revolt was suppressed and some of the revolutionaries were executed. On 13 of November, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs launched an attempt to capture Međimurje. Finally,on December 24, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia launched another offensive on Međimurje, which was successful and managed to take control all over Međimurje. The fighting in the region ended after the Yugoslav offensive.
On 29 May, the new Republic of Prekmurje was proclaimed, which was invaded and occupied by the Hungarian Soviet Republic one week after its independence. On 1 August, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was overthrown by Romanian forces, and soon, the Yugoslav Army marched into Prekmurje and ended
the communist rule there.
The Treaty of Trianon assigned most of the Baranja region to Hungary, which led to massive protests and to a group of people, under the painter Petar Dobrović, to proclaim a Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic. The republic lasted only a few days, and on 25 August 1921 it was invaded and annexed by Hungary, in accordance with Hungarian borders defined by the Treaty of Trianon.