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Roots: The Saga of an American Family

Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a 1976 novel written by Alex Haley. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century Mandinka, captured as an adolescent, sold into slavery in Africa, and transported to North America. It explores his life and those of his descendants in the United States, down to Haley. The novel was quickly adapted as a hugely popular television miniseries, Roots (1977). Together the novel and series , led to a cultural sensation in the United States. The novel spent forty-six weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, including twenty-two weeks at number one.

This article is about the 1976 novel. For the miniseries of the same name, see Roots (1977 miniseries).

Author

August 17, 1976

Print (Hardback, paperback)

704 pp (First edition, hardback)

0-385-03787-2 (First edition, hardback)

929/.2/0973

E185.97.H24 A33

The last seven chapters of the novel were later adapted in the form of a second miniseries, Roots: The Next Generations (1979). It stimulated interest in African American genealogy and an appreciation for African American history.[1]


The book was originally described as fiction, yet it sold in the non-fiction section of bookstores. Haley spent the last chapter of the book describing his research in archives and libraries to support his family's oral tradition with written records.

– original protagonist: a young man of the Mandinka people, grows up in The Gambia in a small village called Juffure; he was raised as a Muslim before being captured and enslaved. Renamed Toby.

Kunta Kinte

John Waller – , who buys Kunta

planter

Dr. William Waller – physician and John's brother: buys Kunta from him

Bell Waller – cook to the doctor and wife of Kunta

Kizzy Waller (later Kizzy Lea) – daughter of Kunta and Bell

Missy Anne – Dr. Waller's niece, who lives away from the plantation, but visits her uncle regularly. She befriends Kizzy and teaches her reading and writing by playing "school".

Tom Lea – slave owner in North Carolina to whom Kizzy is sold

George Lea – son to Kizzy and Tom Lea, he is called "Chicken George"

Matilda – George's wife as an adult

Tom Murray – son of Chicken George and Matilda

Cynthia – the youngest of Tom's and Irene's eight children (granddaughter of Chicken George)

Bertha – one of Cynthia's children; the mother of Alex Haley

Simon Alexander Haley – professor and husband of Bertha; father of Alex Haley

Alex Haley – author of the book and central character for last 30 pages; the great-great-great-great-grandson of Kunta Kinte.

Gerber, David A. "Haley's Roots and Our Own: An Inquiry Into the Nature of a Popular Phenomenon", Journal of Ethnic Studies 5.3 (Fall 1977): 87–111.

Hudson, Michelle. "The Effect of 'Roots' and the Bicentennial on Genealogical Interest among Patrons of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History," Journal of Mississippi History 1991 53(4): 321–336

Mills, Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills. "Roots and the New 'Faction': A Legitimate Tool for CLIO?", Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 89 (January 1981): 3–26. PDF at Historic Pathways .

[1]

Ryan, Tim A. Calls and Responses: The American Novel of Slavery since Gone with the Wind. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2008.

Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. "Roots: A New Black Myth", Southern Quarterly 17. 1 (Fall 1978): 42–50.

Taylor, Helen. "'The Griot from Tennessee': The Saga of Alex Haley's Roots", Critical Quarterly 37.2 (Summer 1995): 46–62.

Wright, Donald R. "Uprooting Kunta Kinte: On the Perils of Relying on Encyclopedic Informants," History of Africa 8 (1981): 205–217.

1976, US, Doubleday Books ( 0-385-03787-2), Pub date 12 September 1976, hardback (First edition)

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1977, UK, Hutchinson ( 0-09-129680-3), Pub date ? April 1977, hardback

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1978, UK, Picador ( 0-330-25301-8), Pub date 14 April 1978, paperback

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1980, US, Bantam Books ( 0-685-01405-3), Pub date ? November 1980, paperback (Teacher's guide)

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1982, UK, GK Hall ( 0-8161-6639-0), Pub date ? December 1982, hardback

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1985, US, Vintage ( 0-09-952200-4), Pub date ? May 1985, paperback

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1992, US, Bantam Doubleday Dell ( 0-440-17464-3), Pub date 31 December 1992, paperback

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1994, US, Vintage ( 0-09-936281-3), Pub date 21 January 1994, paperback

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1999, US, Rebound by Sagebrush ( 0-8085-1103-3), Pub date ? October 1999, hardback (Library edition)

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2000, US, Wings ( 0-517-20860-1), Pub date ? September 2000, hardback

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2006, US, Buccaneer Books ( 1-56849-471-8), Pub date 30 August 2006, hardback

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2007, US, Vanguard Press ( 1593154496), Pub date 22 May 2007, paperback

ISBN

Haley received a for his book, and the TV series won several major awards.

Pulitzer Prize

Including weeks on The New York Times bestseller list, the book is considered a publishing and cultural sensation.

An official Tennessee historical marker in marks the site of Haley's house and grave, describing the impact of Roots.

Henning

's 1988 hit "Mandinka" was inspired by Alex Haley's book.

Sinéad O'Connor

African American literature

, 1993 novel

Queen: The Story of an American Family

Slavery in the United States

Treatment of slaves in the United States