Katana VentraIP

Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile

Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile was the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his “White Revolution” announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,[1][2] and returned to Tehran from exile in 1979.[3]

On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him. Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Château, Paris on 6 October 1978.[4]

That the laws of society should be made up only of the laws of God (), which cover "all human affairs" and "provide instruction and establish norms" for every "topic" in "human life."[32]

Sharia

Since , or Islamic law, is the proper law, those holding government posts should have knowledge of Sharia. Since Islamic jurists or faqīh have studied and are the most knowledgeable in Sharia, the country's ruler should be a faqīh who "surpasses all others in knowledge" of Islamic law and justice,[33] (known as a marja'), as well as having intelligence and administrative ability. Rule by monarchs and/or assemblies of "those claiming to be representatives of the majority of the people" (i.e. elected parliaments and legislatures) has been proclaimed "wrong" by Islam.[34]

Shariah

This system of clerical rule is necessary to prevent injustice, corruption, oppression by the powerful over the poor and weak, innovation and deviation of Islam and Sharia law; and also to destroy anti-Islamic influence and conspiracies by non-Muslim foreign powers. The theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people.

[35]

Ideocracy

Ruhollah Khomeini's letter to Mikhail Gorbachev

Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran)