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Santiago

Santiago (/ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/, US also /ˌsɑːn-/;[3] Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo]), also known as Santiago de Chile (Spanish: [san̪ˈtja.ɣo ðe ˈtʃi.le] ), is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of seven million, representing 40% of Chile's total population.[4] Most of the city is situated between 500–650 m (1,640–2,133 ft) above sea level.

This article is about the capital of Chile. For other uses, see Santiago (disambiguation).

Santiago

 Chile

Santiago Metropolitan Region

Santiago Province

12 February 1541

Pedro de Valdivia

Saint James

641 km2 (247.6 sq mi)

570 m (1,870 ft)

6,269,384

9,821/km2 (25,436/sq mi)

6,903,479

Santiaguinos (-as)

2023

$192.3 billion[1]

$27,900

UTC−4 (CLT)

UTC−3 (CLST)

8320000

+56 2

0.886[2] – very high

www.gobiernosantiago.cl

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Founded in 1541 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago has served as the capital city of Chile since colonial times.[5] The city has a downtown core of 19th-century neoclassical architecture and winding side-streets featuring a mix of art deco, neo-gothic, and other styles. Santiago's cityscape is defined by several stand-alone hills and the fast-flowing Mapocho River, which is lined by parks such as Parque Forestal and Balmaceda Park. The Andes Mountains can be seen from most parts of the city and contribute to a smog problem, particularly during winter, due to the lack of rain. The outskirts of the city are surrounded by vineyards, and Santiago is within an hour's drive of both the mountains and the Pacific Ocean.


Santiago is the political and financial center of Chile and is home to the regional headquarters of many multinational corporations. The Chilean government's executive and judiciary branches are based in Santiago, while the Congress mostly meets in nearby Valparaíso.

Nomenclature[edit]

In Chile, there are several entities that share the name "Santiago" and can often lead to confusion. The commune of Santiago, also referred to as "Downtown/Central Santiago" (Santiago Centro), is an administrative division that encompasses the area that was occupied by the city during colonial times. It is governed by the Municipality of Santiago and is led by a mayor. This commune is part of the Santiago Province, which is headed by a provincial delegate appointed by the President of the Republic, and is a part of the Santiago Metropolitan Region run by a governor elected by popular vote.


When the term "Santiago" is used without additional clarification, it typically refers to Greater Santiago (Gran Santiago), the metropolitan area defined by its continuous urban development. This area encompasses the Commune of Santiago and over 40 other communes, making up the majority of the Santiago Province and parts of neighboring provinces (see Political divisions). The definition of the metropolitan area has changed over time as a result of the city's expansion and the incorporation of smaller cities and rural areas.


The name "Santiago" was chosen by the Spanish conqueror Pedro de Valdivia, when he founded the city in 1541, as a tribute to James the Great, the patron saint of Spain. The name of this saint is rendered differently in Spanish, such as Diego, Jaime, Jacobo or Santiago, with the latter being derived from the Galician evolution of Vulgar Latin Sanctu Iacobu. There was no indigenous name for the area where Santiago is located, but the Mapuche language uses the adapted name "Santiaw."


When Valdivia founded the city, he named it "Santiago del Nuevo Extremo" or "Nueva Extremadura," in reference to the territory he intended to colonize and his home region of Extremadura. The name was eventually replaced, and to differentiate it from other cities called Santiago, the South American city is often referred to as "Santiago de Chile" in Spanish and other languages.


The residents of the city and region are referred to as santiaguinos (male) and santiaguinas (female).

The colonial La Cañada neighborhood in Santiago de Chile, in 1821, by Scharf and Schmidtmeyer. John Carter Brown Library.[8][9]

The colonial La Cañada neighborhood in Santiago de Chile, in 1821, by Scharf and Schmidtmeyer. John Carter Brown Library.[8][9]

Scenes at a fair in Santiago de Chile, in 1821, by Scharf and Schmidtmeyer. John Carter Brown Library.[8][10]

Scenes at a fair in Santiago de Chile, in 1821, by Scharf and Schmidtmeyer. John Carter Brown Library.[8][10]

The colonial Real Casa de la Moneda (now called Palacio de la Moneda) in 1824 (by Paroissien, Scharf and Rowney & Forster). John Carter Brown Library.[11]

The colonial Real Casa de la Moneda (now called Palacio de la Moneda) in 1824 (by Paroissien, Scharf and Rowney & Forster). John Carter Brown Library.[11]

[Colonial] Plaza o great Square of Santiago with different local costumes, in 1826, by John Miers. British Library.[12][13]

[Colonial] Plaza o great Square of Santiago with different local costumes, in 1826, by John Miers. British Library.[12][13]

[Colonial] Square in Downtown Santiago, in 1850, by the French-born Ernest Charton.[14][15]

[Colonial] Square in Downtown Santiago, in 1850, by the French-born Ernest Charton.[14][15]

Colonial Plaza de Armas de Santiago in 1854 by Claude Gay.[16] In the foreground you can see the still intact Palace of the Real Audiencia of Chile, and in the background the unfinished Cathedral, both built by the Italian Joaquin Toesca.

Colonial Plaza de Armas de Santiago in 1854 by Claude Gay.[16] In the foreground you can see the still intact Palace of the Real Audiencia of Chile, and in the background the unfinished Cathedral, both built by the Italian Joaquin Toesca.

Colonial Plaza de Armas de Santiago in 1859 by Joseph Selleny aboard the Novara expedition, to the left, the (beginning to be modified) Palace of the Real Audiencia of Chile, and to the right, the colonial Portal de Sierra Bella.

Colonial Plaza de Armas de Santiago in 1859 by Joseph Selleny aboard the Novara expedition, to the left, the (beginning to be modified) Palace of the Real Audiencia of Chile, and to the right, the colonial Portal de Sierra Bella.

Portal de Sierra Bella and gardens of the Plaza de Armas in 1860. The colonial imprint was maintained until well into the 19th century, this commercial portal faithfully reflects the appearance of colonial Santiago. Photograph by Eugéne Maunoury, belonging to the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Portal de Sierra Bella and gardens of the Plaza de Armas in 1860. The colonial imprint was maintained until well into the 19th century, this commercial portal faithfully reflects the appearance of colonial Santiago. Photograph by Eugéne Maunoury, belonging to the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Ski Center La Parva

Ski Center La Parva

Santiago Metropolitan Park

Santiago Metropolitan Park

Santiago in the winter

Santiago in the winter

Santiago in the summer

Santiago in the summer

Terminal San Borja: located in . Provides buses to all destinations in Chile and to some towns around Santiago.

Estación Central metro station

Terminal Alameda: located in . Provides buses to all destinations in Chile.

Universidad de Santiago metro station

Terminal Santiago: located one block west of Terminal Alameda. Provides buses to all destinations in Chile as well as to destinations in most countries in South America, except Bolivia.

Terrapuerto Los Héroes: located two blocks east of . Provides buses to south of Chile and some northern cities, as well as Argentina (Mendoza and Buenos Aires) and Paraguay (Asunción).

Los Héroes metro station

Terminal Pajaritos: located in . Provides buses to the international airport, inter-regional services to Valparaíso, Viña del Mar and several other coastal cities and towns.

Pajaritos metro station

Terminal La Cisterna: located in . Provides buses to towns around southern Santiago, Viña del Mar, Temuco and Puerto Montt.

La Cisterna metro station

Terminal La Paz: located about two blocks away from ; the closest Metro station is Puente Cal y Canto. It connects the rural areas north of Santiago.

La Vega Central Market

Municipal Theatre of Santiago

Municipal Theatre of Santiago

Palacio de La Moneda

Palacio de La Moneda

Contemporary Art Museum of Santiago

Contemporary Art Museum of Santiago

The National Museum of Fine Arts, located next to Parque Forestal.

The National Museum of Fine Arts, located next to Parque Forestal.

Palacio Edwards

Palacio Edwards

Head Office of the Bank of Chile

Head Office of the Bank of Chile

(U or UCH)

Universidad de Chile

(PUC)

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

(USACH)

Universidad de Santiago de Chile

(UMCE)

Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación

(UTEM)

Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana

(UTFSM)

Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María

Paris, France[102]

France

Tunis, Tunisia[103]

Tunisia

flag

Chile portal

Criollo people

Media related to Santiago de Chile at Wikimedia Commons

Santiago de Chile travel guide from Wikivoyage

. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

"Santiago de Chile" 

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