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South Lancashire Regiment

The South Lancashire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 to 1958.

Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment)
South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers)

1881–1958

1–2 Regular battalions
1 Militia and Special Reserve battalion
2 Territorial and Volunteer battalions
Up to 15 Hostilities-only battalions

The Excellers[1]

Ich dien (I serve)

The regiment, which recruited, as its title suggests, primarily from the South Lancashire area, was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 as the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) by the amalgamation of the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot and the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers).[2] In 1938, it was renamed the South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers)[3] and on 1 July 1958 the regiment was amalgamated with the East Lancashire Regiment to form the Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Volunteers).[3]

History[edit]

Formation to the First World War[edit]

The 1st Battalion was in Ranikhet, India, when the regiment was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 as the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) by the amalgamation of the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot and the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers).[2] It was deployed to Aden in 1884 and returned to the United Kingdom in 1886, where it remained until 1899. The 1st Battalion lost 41 men during the Battle of Spion Kop in February 1900, but then captured Green Hill at the Battle of the Tugela Heights later that month during the Second Boer War.[4]


At the same time as the 40th and 82nd regiments amalgamated to form the South Lancashire Regiment, the 4th Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Light Infantry) became the new regiment's 3rd Battalion.[5][3][6]


In 1881, the local units of the Volunteer Force were affiliated to the regiment. In 1886, the 9th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps at Warrington and Newton, and the 21st Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps at St Helens and Widnes became the 1st and 2nd Volunteer Battalions of the regiment.[7]


The 2nd Battalion spent most of the first 30 years of its existence overseas, while the 3rd Battalion was embodied specifically for service in the Second Boer War.[8] In addition, the 1st and 2nd Volunteer Battalions raised a service company to reinforce the 1st Battalion in the field.[9]


Following the end of the war in South Africa in 1902, the 1st battalion was sent to British India, where they replaced the 2nd battalion in Jubbulpore in Bengal. The 2nd battalion returned home, for the first times since 1884.[10]


In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve;[11] the regiment now had one Reserve battalion and two Territorial battalions.[12][3][7][13]

Regimental museum[edit]

The Lancashire Infantry Museum is based at Fulwood Barracks in Preston.[32]

From 40th Regiment of Foot: Egypt, Monte Video, Rolica, Vimiera, Talavera, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, Toulouse, Peninsula, Waterloo, Candahar 1842, Ghuznee 1842, Cabool 1842, Maharajpore, New Zealand

From 82nd Regiment of Foot: Rolica, Vimiera, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, Peninsula, Niagara, Sevastopol, Lucknow

Louisburg, Martinique 1762, Havannah, St. Lucia 1778, Corunna, Relief of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899-1902

Great War (20 battalions): Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914 '18, La Bassée 1914, Messines 1914 '17 '18, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1914 '15 '17 '18, Nonne Bosschen, St. Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Mount Sorrel1, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916, Bazentin, Pozières, Guillemont, Ginchy, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Pilckem, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Scherpenberg, Drocourt Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Canal du Nord, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Doiran 1917 '18, Macedonia 1915–18, Suvla, Sari Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1916, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916–18, Baluchistan 1918

Afghanistan 1919

Second World War: Dunkirk 1940, Normandy Landing, Odon, Bourguébus Ridge, Troarn, Falaise, Venraij, Rhineland, Hochwald, Bremen, North-West Europe 1940 '44-45, Madagascar, Middle East 1942, North Arakan, Mayu Tunnels, Kohima, Meiktila, Nyaungu Bridgehead, Letse, Irrawaddy, Sittang 1945, Burma 1943-45

The regiment was awarded the following battle honours:[3]


1. Awarded in error, and withdrawn in 1925

Colour-Serjeant , New Zealand Wars[33]

John Lucas

Private , 2nd Battalion, Great War[34]

William Ratcliffe

(later Captain), 3rd Battalion, Gabriel George Coury, Great War[35]

2nd Lieutenant

(later Sergeant) John Readitt, 6th (Service) Battalion, Great War[36]

Private

(later Captain) John Thomas Davies, 11th (Service) Battalion, Great War[37]

Corporal

The following members of the Regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:

1881–?1889 (1st Battalion): Gen. , CB

Augustus Halifax Ferryman

1881–1889 (2nd Battalion): Gen.

William Samuel Newton

1889–1893: Gen. Sir , KCB

Henry Bates

1893–1900: Lt-Gen.

Augustus Henry Lane Fox-Pitt-Rivers

1900–1909: Maj-Gen. Sir , KCB

Frederick Richard Solly-Flood

1909–1921: Maj-Gen. , VC, CB

Euston Henry Sartorius

1921–1940: Maj-Gen. Arthur Solly-Flood, CB, CMG, DSO

Colonels of the regiment were:[3]

J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984,  1-85117-007-3.

ISBN

Gregory, Barry; Batchelor, John (1979). Airborne warfare, 1918-1945. Exeter, Devon: Exeter Books.  0-89673-025-5.

ISBN

Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001,  978-1-84342-197-9.

ISBN

Mullaly, Colonel B.R. (1955). The South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers). Bristol: White Swan Press.

Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990). The Second World War 1939–1945 Army – Airborne Forces. Imperial War Museum.  0-901627-57-7.

ISBN

Westlake, Ray (2010). Tracing the Rifle Volunteers. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.  978-1-84884-211-3.

ISBN

Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, Lancashire Infantry Museum

Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail

The Story of the South Lancashire Regiment in the Great War

Lancashire Record Office, Handlist 72

Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org) - archive site