Tajikistani Civil War
The Tajikistani Civil War,[pron 1] also known as the Tajik Civil War, began in May 1992 and ended in June 1997. Regional groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions of Tajikistan rose up against the newly-formed government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, which was dominated by people from the Khujand and Kulob regions. The rebel groups were led by a combination of liberal democratic reformers[12] and Islamists, who would later organize under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. The government was supported by Russian military and border guards.[13]
The main zone of conflict was in the country's south, although disturbances occurred nationwide.[14][15] The civil war was at its peak during its first year and continued for five years, devastating the country.[14][16] An estimated 20,000[10] to 150,000[11] people were killed in the conflict, and about 10 to 20 percent of the population of Tajikistan were internally displaced.[13] On 27 June 1997, Tajikistan president Emomali Rahmon, United Tajik Opposition (UTO) leader Sayid Abdulloh Nuri and Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General Gerd Merrem signed the General Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan and the Moscow Protocol in Moscow, Russia, ending the war.[17]
Satellite photograph of Tajikistan
Tajikistan factions in civil war: Leading clans: Northern Sughd Region (red), Southern Khatlon Region (blue), Pamir (Gorno-Badakhshan) (green)
The most important cities involved in the conflict. 1) Khujand 2) Dushanbe 3) Gharm 4) Qurghonteppa 5) Kulob
