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Tajikistan

Tajikistan,[a] officially the Republic of Tajikistan,[b] is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor.

Republic of Tajikistan
Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tajik)
Jumhurii Tojikiston
Республика Таджикистан (Russian)
Respublika Tadzhikistan

Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[7]

5 December 1929

24 August 1990

31 August 1991

9 September 1991

26 December 1991

143,100[8][9][10] km2 (55,300 sq mi) (94th)

2,575 km2 (994 sq mi)

1.8

Increase 10,077,600[11] (92nd)

48.6/km2 (125.9/sq mi) (155th)

2024 estimate

Increase $59.415 billion[12] (119th)

Increase $5,832[12] (145th)

2024 estimate

Increase $12.953 billion[12] (141st)

Increase $1,271[12] (163th)

34[13]
medium

Increase 0.685[14]
medium (122nd)

UTC+5 (TJT)

The territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm,[16] and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire and subsequently by the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929.[17]


On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led by Emomali Rahmon since 1994, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.[18][19]


Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country,[20] and their national language is Tajik, a variety of Persian.[21] Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 96% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.

Kamoludin Abdullaev and Shahram Akbarzadeh, , 3rd. ed., Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.

Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan

Mohammad-Reza Djalili and Frederic Grare, eds., Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, Routledge, 1998.

Shirin Akiner

A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.

Richard Foltz

Robert Middleton, Huw Thomas and Markus Hauser, Tajikistan and the High Pamirs, Hong Kong: Odyssey Books, 2008 ( 978-9-622177-73-4).

ISBN

Nahaylo, Bohdan and Victor Swoboda. Soviet Disunion: A History of the Nationalities problem in the USSR (1990)

excerpt

Kirill Nourdhzanov and Christian Blauer, Tajikistan: A Political and Social History, Canberra: ANU E-Press, 2013.

Rashid, Ahmed. The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism? (2017)

Smith, Graham, ed. The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Union (2nd ed. 1995)

Monica Whitlock, Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia, New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.

. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems, Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}

Poopak NikTalab

Sharma, Raj Kumar, "Food Security and Political Stability in Tajikistan", New Delhi, Vij Books, 2018.

at UCB Libraries GovPubs

Tajikistan

at Curlie

Tajikistan

from the BBC News

Tajikistan profile

Wikimedia Atlas of Tajikistan

from International Futures

Key Development Forecasts for Tajikistan

Flight Information Region In Tajikistan