Katana VentraIP

Track II diplomacy

Track II diplomacy is the practice of "non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, sometimes called 'non-state actors.'"[1] It contrasts with track I diplomacy, which is official, governmental diplomacy that occurs inside official government channels.[2] However, track two diplomacy is not a substitute replacement for track one diplomacy. Rather, it is there to assist official actors to manage and resolve conflicts by exploring possible solutions derived from the public view and without the requirements of formal negotiation or bargaining for advantage.[3] In addition, the term track 1.5 diplomacy is used by some analysts to define a situation where official and non-official actors cooperate in conflict resolution.[4]

Shuttle diplomacy

Davidson, W. D., and J. V. Montville, "Foreign Policy According to Freud," Foreign Policy, Vol. 45, Winter 1981–1982.

Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. (1991). Multi-Track Diplomacy: A Systems Guide and Analysis. Iowa Peace Institute.

Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. W. (1996). Multi-Track Diplomacy: A Systems Approach to Peace. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

Gelder, M. (2006). Meeting the Enemy, Becoming a Friend. Bauu Institute.  0-9721349-5-6

ISBN

Gopin, M. (2009). . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

To Make the Earth Whole: The Art of Citizen Diplomacy in an Age of Religious Militancy

Kaye, D. D. (2007). . Rand Corporation.

Talking to the enemy: Track two diplomacy in the Middle East and South Asia

McDonald, J. W., &Bendahmane, D. B. (Eds.). (1987). Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy. Foreign Service Institute, US Dept. of State.

McDonald, J. W. (1991). "Further exploration of track two diplomacy." Timing the De-escalation of International Conflicts, 201–220.

Montville, J. (1991). "Track Two Diplomacy: The Arrow and the Olive Branch." The Psychodynamics of International Relations, 2.

Montville, J. V. (2006). "Track two diplomacy: The work of healing history." Whitehead J. Dipl. & Int'l Rel., 7, 15.

Stone, D. (2011). "The ASEAN-ISIS network: interpretive communities, informal diplomacy and discourses of region." Minerva, 49(2), 241–262.

Sutphin, P. (2004). Deputy Director for Political Affairs, Office of Iraq, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs briefing on: The Transition of Power in Iraq. 29 Jul 2004. Washington, DC: US Department of State.

Homans, C. (2011). . Foreign Policy.

Track II Diplomacy: A Short History

at The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project

"Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy"

Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy