Katana VentraIP

Traditionalist Catholicism

Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, liturgical forms, devotions and presentations of teaching associated with the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).[1][2] Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the Tridentine Mass, the Roman Rite liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council Mass of Paul VI.

This article is about the contemporary movement. For the 19th-century theological position, see Traditionalism (19th-century Catholicism).

Many Traditionalist Catholics disliked the liturgical changes that followed the Second Vatican Council, and prefer to continue to practice pre-Second Vatican Council traditions and forms. Some also see present teachings on ecumenism as blurring the distinction between Catholics and other Christians. Traditional Catholicism is often more conservative in its philosophy and worldview, promoting a modest style of dressing and teaching a complementarian view of gender roles.[3]


Some Traditionalist Catholics reject the current papacy of the Catholic Church, becoming sedevacantists, sedeprivationists, or conclavists. As these groups are no longer in full communion with the Pope and the See of Rome, they are not considered members of the Catholic Church, but instead separate religious groupings.[4][2] A distinction is often made between these groups (sometimes called Radical Traditionalists) and Catholics who accept the teachings and authority of the Catholic Church while still preferring older traditions and practices as well as the Tridentine Mass in Latin.[2]

History[edit]

Toward the end of the Second Vatican Council, Father Gommar DePauw came into conflict with Cardinal Lawrence Shehan, Archbishop of Baltimore, over the interpretation of the council's teachings, particularly on liturgical matters. In January 1965, DePauw incorporated an organization called the Catholic Traditionalist Movement in New York State, purportedly with the support of Cardinal Francis Spellman, Archbishop of New York.[5]


By the late 1960s and early 1970s, conservative Catholics opposed to or uncomfortable with the theological, social and liturgical developments brought about by the Second Vatican Council began to coalesce.[6] In 1973, the Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement (ORCM) was founded by two priests, Francis E. Fenton and Robert McKenna, and set up chapels in many parts of North America to preserve the Tridentine Mass.[6] Priests who participated in this were listed as being on a leave of absence by their bishops, who disapproved of their actions.[6]


In 1970, French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), made up of priests who would say only the Traditional Latin Mass and who opposed what he saw as excessive liberal influences in the Church after Vatican II. In 1988, Lefebvre and another bishop consecrated four men as bishops without papal permission, resulting in excommunication latae sententiae for all six men directly involved. Some members of the SSPX, unwilling to participate in what they considered schism, left and founded the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (FSSP), which celebrates the Tridentine Mass and is in full communion with the Holy See. In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI lifted the excommunications of the four surviving bishops.[7]


The Istituto Mater Boni Consilii (IMBC) was founded in 1985. It is a sedeprivationist religious congregation of clergy who were dissatisfied with the SSPX's position on the Pope, i.e., acknowledging John Paul II as pope but disobeying him. Sedeprivationists hold that the current occupant of the papal office is a duly elected pope but lacks the authority and ability to teach or govern unless he recants the changes brought by the Second Vatican Council.[8]


Some Catholics took the position of sedevacantism, which teaches Pope John XXIII and his successors are heretics and therefore cannot be considered popes, and that the Catholic Church's sacraments are not valid. The Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV), sedevacantist, broke off from the SSPX. Another sedevacantist group, the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI), formed spontaneously among the followers of Francis Schuckardt, but he was later expelled due to scandals and CMRI is now more aligned with other sedevacantist groups.


Other groups known as Conclavists have elected their own popes in opposition to the post-Vatican II pontiffs. They are not considered serious claimants except by their very few followers.

(FSSP)

Priestly Fraternity of St Peter

(ICRSS, ICKSP)

Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest

(FSSR)

Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer

(IBP)

Institute of the Good Shepherd

(SJM)

Servants of Jesus and Mary

(CRNJ)

Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem

(SJC)

Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius

Canons Regular of the Holy Cross

Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer

(PAASJV)

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

Sedevacantist rejects an ecclesiology that he claims fails to recognize the Catholic Church as the one true church established by Jesus Christ, and instead holds that the Roman Catholic Church is some subset of the church Christ founded. He sees some of the confusion as stemming from an unclear understanding of the phrase "subsists in" which appears in the Vatican II document Lumen gentium, and which the Church has declared applies uniquely to the Catholic Church and means the "perduring, historical continuity and permanence of all the elements instituted by Christ in the Catholic Church, in which the Church of Christ is concretely found on this earth". He claims that this "new ecclesiology" contradicts Pope Pius XII's Mystici corporis Christi and other papal documents.[22]

Donald J. Sanborn

Fasting from Midnight until the reception of . The traditional Catholic rule of fasting from midnight until the reception of Holy Communion (this Eucharistic Fast is from both food and liquids), which is required by the 1917 Code of Canon Law, was shortened in 1953 by Pope Pius XII to a 3-hour fast.[40] In 1966, Pope Paul VI reduced the fast further to one hour, a rule included in the 1983 Code of Canon Law.[41] Some traditional Catholics groups require fasting from midnight until they receive Holy Communion at Mass, while others will keep a Eucharistic fast for at least three hours.[42][43]

Holy Communion

Kneeling to receive Communion directly upon the tongue, under the Host species alone, and from the hand of a cleric rather than a layperson. The SSPX regards the practice of receiving communion in the hand (though ancient[45] and authorised by the Holy See[46]) as an abuse.[47]

[44]

Women wearing a when praying at home and when worshipping inside a church which the 1917 Code of Canon Law required. Many Traditionalist Catholic women wear a veil, a hat, or a headscarf when praying at home and when worshipping inside a church.[48]

headcovering

Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius

Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem

Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce

Fœderatio Internationalis Juventutem

Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer

Heralds of the Gospel

Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest

Institute of the Good Shepherd

Latin Mass Society of England and Wales

also called the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ

Militia Templi; The Poor Knights of Christ

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter

(Still River, MA group only)

Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary

Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer

Catholics[79]

Dimes Square

Cafeteria Catholicism

Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus

Feeneyism

Second Vatican Council

Mass of Paul VI

Sedevacantism

Tridentine Mass

Catholic fundamentalism

Hull, Geoffrey (2010). The Banished Heart: Origins of Heteropraxis in the Catholic Church, 1995, rpt. T&T Clark/Continuum, London.  978-0-567-44220-8

ISBN

(2018). Sede Vacante: The Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc. Berkeley CA: The Apocryphile Press. ISBN 9781949643022. Retrieved 29 August 2019.

Jarvis, Edward

Jungmann, Joseph, (1951) Allen, TX: Christian Classics Replica edition 1986 ISBN 0-87061-166-6

The Mass Of The Roman Rite : Its Origins and Development (Missarum Sollemnia) Volume 1 of 2

Manning, Christel. (1999) God gave us the right: Conservative Catholic, evangelical Protestant, and Orthodox Jewish women grapple with feminism (Rutgers University Press, 1999).