Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. The Imperial Japanese South Seas Mandate had been seized by the US during the Pacific War, as Japan had administered the territory since the League of Nations gave Japan mandate over the area from Imperial Germany after World War I. However, in the 1930s, Japan left the League of Nations, and then invaded additional lands. During World War II, military control of the islands was disputed, but by the end of the war the islands had come under control of the Allies. The Trust Territory of the Pacific was created to administer the islands as part of the United States, while still under the auspices of the United Nations. Most of the island groups in the territory became independent states, with some degree of ties kept with the United States: the Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau are today independent states in a Compact of Free Association with the US, while the Northern Mariana Islands remain under US jurisdiction, as an unincorporated territory and commonwealth.
Not to be confused with South Seas Mandate.
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of the United States
English (official)
Micronesian languages
July 18, 1947
October 21, 1986
November 3, 1986
October 1, 1994
Geography[edit]
In 1969, the 100 occupied islands comprised 700 square miles (1,800 km2) over an area of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 km2) of sea. The latter area was comparable in size to the continental United States.[13] The water area is about 5% of the Pacific Ocean.
The population of the islands was 200,000 in the latter part of the 19th century. The population decreased to 100,000 by 1969 due to emigration, war, and disease. At that time, the population inhabited less than 100 out of 2,141 of the Marshall, Mariana, and Caroline Islands.[13]
Education[edit]
In 1947 the Mariana Islands' Teacher Training School (MITTS), a normal school serving all areas of the Trust Territory, opened in Guam.[16] It moved to Chuuk in 1948,[17] to be more central in the Trust Territory,[16] and was renamed Pacific Islands' Teacher Training School (PITTS).[17] It transitioned from being a normal school to a comprehensive secondary school, so it was renamed the Pacific Islands Central School (PICS). The school moved to Pohnpei in 1959.[16] At the time it was a three-year institution housing students who graduated from intermediate schools.[18] The school, later known as Pohnpei Island Central School (PICS),[19] is now Bailey Olter High School.[20]
Palau Intermediate School, established in 1946, became Palau High School in 1962 as it added senior high grades.[21] From the late 1960s to the middle of the 1970s, several public high schools were built or received additions in the Trust Territory. They included Jaluit High School, Kosrae High School, Marshall Islands High School in Majuro, Palau High, PICS, and Truk High School (now Chuuk High School). The Micronesian Occupational College in Koror, Palau was also built.[22] It later merged with the Kolonia-based Community College of Micronesia, which began operations in 1969, into the College of Micronesia-FSM in 1976.[23]
– established 1979, COFA effective October 21, 1986
Republic of the Marshall Islands
– established 1979, COFA effective November 3, 1986
Federated States of Micronesia
– established 1981, COFA effective October 1, 1994
Republic of Palau
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10°30′N 152°00′E / 10.500°N 152.000°E