United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s. At its peak, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. Since the first of several sales and staff cutbacks in 1982, and the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its main U.S. rival, the Associated Press, UPI has concentrated on smaller information-market niches.
"UPI" redirects here. For the Indian payment system, see Unified Payments Interface. For other uses, see UPI (disambiguation).Industry
1907 (as United Press Associations)
1958 (as United Press International)
1200 N. Federal Highway, Suite 200
Boca Raton, Florida 33432[1]
UPI Athlete of the Year
veteran news photographer who caught iconic moments through a lens in Washington D.C. for over forty years
James Atherton
UPI Latin American Bureau Chief and later Foreign Desk Editor for the Los Angeles Times
David Belnap
veteran foreign correspondent and UPI executive
Arnaud de Borchgrave
(1903–1990), later "Washington Calling" columnist
Marquis Childs
President, The Prague Society for International Cooperation; Chair, Global Panel Foundation
Marc S. Ellenbogen
military author
Joseph L. Galloway
legendary war correspondent
Martha Gellhorn
award-winning journalist, author and founder of Postindustrial Media
Carmen Gentile
filed first report on D-Day
Henry Tilton Gorrell
onetime CIA Director, who interviewed Adolf Hitler for United Press during the 1936 Olympics[30]
Richard Helms
60 Minutes creator and producer; worked for UP Newspictures predecessor Acme Newsphotos[14][17]
Don Hewitt
ABC News White House Correspondent and Fox News anchor
Brit Hume
U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia and Chile
Edward M. Korry
CBS News and Voice of America White House Correspondent, two-time Peabody Award winner
Larry LeSueur
Canadian journalist, senior anchor of CBC Television's flagship news program, The National
Knowlton Nash
CBS and NBC anchor, moderator of 1976 and 1984 presidential debates
Edwin Newman
influential women's page editor
Marjorie Paxson
journalist
Doc Quigg
novelist and former CNN producer
Daniel Silva
best-selling author
H. Allen Smith
UPI reporter from 1943 until 2000 - UPI White House Correspondent from 1961 until 2000
Helen Thomas
Saigon evacuation photographer
Hubert van Es
Naked City photographer
Weegee
While much of normal news agency work is little publicized, many UP/UPI news staffers have gained fame, either while with the agency or in later careers. They include journalists, news executives, novelists and high government officials.
Among them:
UPI reporters and photographers have won ten Pulitzer Prizes:
In the 1930s and 1940s, UP Newspictures predecessor agency Acme developed the International Unifax machine, the first automatic picture receiver.
[36]
The "Ocean Press", a news service for , was founded in the 1930s, as a corporate subsidiary of Scripps. It used copy from United Press and later United Press International. By 1959, it had 125 subscriber ships.[16]
ocean liners
In 1945, UP offered the first all-sports wire.
[38]
In 1948, UP started the first international television news film service. Originally named "UP Movietone", in view of a partnership with the service of 20th Century Fox, it went through several partnerships and name changes and was known as United Press International Television News or simply as UPITN, a name which also credited UPI's film and video service partner at the time, Britain's ITN television news service.[38]
Movietone News
In 1951, UP offered the first (TTS) service, enabling newspapers to automatically set and justify type from wire transmissions.[38]
teletypesetter
In 1952 UP, absorbed the Scripps-owned Acme photo service to form UP Newspictures
In 1958 United Press absorbed Hearst's INS to create UPI
In 1974, UPI launched the first "high-speed" data newswire—operating at 1,200 WPM.
In 1978, UPI launched the first cable TV news network, , using SSTV technology via satellite to relay the channel to cable TV companies nationwide in the USA.
UPI Newstime
In 1979, UPI along with Telecomputing Corp. of America began making the UPI world news report available to owners of home computers.
[39]
In 1982, UPI pioneered a coding system allowing clients to choose stories based on topic, subtopic and location.
[40]
List of UPI reporters
List of online image archives
List of news agencies
. Princeton Architectural Press. June 17, 2007. pp. 432. ISBN 978-1-56898-689-0.
Breaking News: How the Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace, and Everything Else
Baillie, Hugh (1959). High Tension: The Recollections of Hugh Baillie. Harper & Brothers. p. 300. 0-8369-1543-7.
ISBN
Cronkite, Walter (November 27, 1996). (1st ed.). Knopf. pp. 400. ISBN 0-394-57879-1.
A Reporter's Life
Daniloff, Nicholas (April 7, 2008). . University of Missouri Press. pp. 440. ISBN 978-0-8262-1804-9.
Of Spies and Spokesmen: My Life As a Cold War Correspondent
Fenby, Jonathan (February 12, 1986). . Schocken Books. pp. 275. ISBN 0-8052-3995-2.
The International News Services
Gordon, Gregory & Cohen, Ronald E. (1990). . New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. pp. 429. ISBN 0-07-023804-9. OCLC 19519378.
Down to the Wire: UPI's Fight for Survival
Harnett, Richard & Ferguson, Billy G. (January 1, 2003). UNIPRESS: United Press International, Covering the 20th Century. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 384. 1-55591-481-0.
ISBN
Haynes, Gary (September 2006). Picture This! The Inside Story and Classic Photos of UPI Newspictures. Bulfinch Press. p. 256. 0-8212-5758-7.
ISBN
Helms, Richard, with William Hood. A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Random House, 2003.
Morris, Joe Alex (October 31, 1968). Deadline Every Minute: The Story of the United Press. Praeger. p. 356. 0-8371-0175-1.
ISBN
Olson, Lynn & Cloud, Stanley W. (October 31, 1997). The Murrow Boys: Pioneers on the Front Lines of Broadcast Journalism. Mariner Books. p. 445. 0-395-87753-9.
ISBN
. The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.
Powers, Thomas
Read, Donald (1992). The Power of News. The History of Reuters 1849–1989. Oxford: . ISBN 0-19-821776-5.
Oxford University Press
Schonfeld, Reese (January 1, 2001). Me and Ted Against the World: The Unauthorized Story of the Founding of CNN. Collins. p. 432. 0-06-019746-3.
ISBN
Schwarzlose, Richard (June 1979). The American Wire Services. Arno Press. p. 453. 0-405-11774-4.
ISBN
Schwarzlose, Richard (January 1, 1989). Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 1: The Formative Years: From Pretelegraph to 1865. Northwestern University Press. p. 370. 0-8101-0818-6.
ISBN
Schwarzlose, Richard (February 1, 1990). . Northwestern University Press. pp. 366. ISBN 0-8101-0819-4.
Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 2: The Rush to Institution: From 1865 to 1920
Scripps, E.W.; McCabe, Charles (March 15, 2007). Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E. W. Scripps Drawn From His Unpublished Writings. McCabe Press. p. 259. 978-1-4067-6151-1.
ISBN
United Press International and American Heritage Magazine (1983) [1964]. Four Days: The Historical Record of the Death of President Kennedy. American Heritage Publishing Co. p. 143. 0-671-50046-5.
ISBN
Spanish-language website
Archived September 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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