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United Press International

United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s. At its peak, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. Since the first of several sales and staff cutbacks in 1982, and the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its main U.S. rival, the Associated Press, UPI has concentrated on smaller information-market niches.

"UPI" redirects here. For the Indian payment system, see Unified Payments Interface. For other uses, see UPI (disambiguation).

Industry

1907 (as United Press Associations)
1958 (as United Press International)

1200 N. Federal Highway, Suite 200
Boca Raton, Florida 33432[1]

UPI Athlete of the Year

veteran news photographer who caught iconic moments through a lens in Washington D.C. for over forty years

James Atherton

president and chief executive officer of United Press International from 1972 to 1982[27][28]

Rod Beaton

UPI Latin American Bureau Chief and later Foreign Desk Editor for the Los Angeles Times

David Belnap

UPI correspondent in Lansing, Michigan from 1956 to 1959[29]

Jack Berry

veteran foreign correspondent and UPI executive

Arnaud de Borchgrave

longtime Las Vegas bureau manager who broke the story of Elvis Presley's marriage

Myram Borders

co-anchor of NBC's Huntley-Brinkley Report and anchor of ABC's This Week

David Brinkley

contemporary of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac in the Beat Generation movement

Lucien Carr

(1903–1990), later "Washington Calling" columnist

Marquis Childs

originator of the term "smoke-filled room"[2]

Raymond Clapper

Washington Post columnist

Richard Cohen

CBS News anchor, host of A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy

Charles Collingwood

New York Times columnist

Gail Collins

long-time war correspondent for The Sunday Times

Marie Colvin

author of Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo and ABC and CBS radio anchor

Bob Considine

who later became the longtime GM of rival Associated Press

Kent Cooper

long-time anchor of the CBS Evening News

Walter Cronkite

CBS and ABC reporter, first to deliver a live broadcast from Normandy after D-Day

Bill Downs

Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist

Allen Drury

White House Press Secretary for Franklin D. Roosevelt

Stephen Early

President, The Prague Society for International Cooperation; Chair, Global Panel Foundation

Marc S. Ellenbogen

Untouchables co-author

Oscar Fraley

Three-time Pulitzer Prize-winning New York Times columnist

Thomas Friedman

military author

Joseph L. Galloway

legendary war correspondent

Martha Gellhorn

award-winning journalist, author and founder of Postindustrial Media

Carmen Gentile

filed first report on D-Day

Henry Tilton Gorrell

onetime CIA Director, who interviewed Adolf Hitler for United Press during the 1936 Olympics[30]

Richard Helms

Pulitzer-Prize winning reporter for The New York Times, the AP and The New Yorker

Seymour Hersh

60 Minutes creator and producer; worked for UP Newspictures predecessor Acme Newsphotos[14][17]

Don Hewitt

novelist[31]

Tony Hillerman

ex-Dow Jones CEO

Les Hinton

CBS News United Nations correspondent, last-surviving of the Murrow Boys

Richard C. Hottelet

ABC News White House Correspondent and Fox News anchor

Brit Hume

1970s White House photographer

David Hume Kennerly

U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia and Chile

Edward M. Korry

C-SPAN founder

Brian Lamb

CBS News and Voice of America White House Correspondent, two-time Peabody Award winner

Larry LeSueur

early ABC News president[32]

Elmer Lower

former UP correspondent to Moscow, first Western journalist to interview Joseph Stalin

Eugene Lyons

reporter for the New York Post, New York Daily News, Newsweek and CBS News

Jim McGlincy

UPI international correspondent, UPI Portugal Manager, Royal Air Force veteran.

Laurence Meredith

Canadian journalist, senior anchor of CBC Television's flagship news program, The National

Knowlton Nash

White House Press Secretary for Gerald Ford[33]

Ron Nessen

CBS and NBC anchor, moderator of 1976 and 1984 presidential debates

Edwin Newman

correspondent and host for CNN, ESPN, MSNBC, Current TV, and GQ magazine

Keith Olbermann

Pulitzer Prize–winning newspaper editor and columnist

Eugene Patterson

influential women's page editor

Marjorie Paxson

journalist

Doc Quigg

White House Press Secretary for Lyndon Johnson

George Reedy

Pulitzer-Prize winner, creator of The New York Times op-ed page

Harrison Salisbury

co-founder of CNN

Reese Schonfeld

novelist and brother of Rod Serling

Robert J. Serling

CBS News reporter, three-time Peabody Award winner

Eric Sevareid

reporter who broke the Pentagon Papers story for The New York Times

Neil Sheehan

CBS News reporter, ABC News, Director of Radio Liberty

Lewis Shollenberger

novelist and former CNN producer

Daniel Silva

best-selling author

H. Allen Smith

ABC Evening News anchor

Howard K. Smith

photographer, known for picture of John F. Kennedy Jr. saluting his father's casket

Stan Stearns

Pulitzer-Prize winning reporter for The New York Times

Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II

UPI reporter from 1943 until 2000 - UPI White House Correspondent from 1961 until 2000

Helen Thomas

founding photographer, People magazine

Stanley Tretick

Saigon evacuation photographer

Hubert van Es

war correspondent, first to reach Saigon during Tet Offensive

Kate Webb

4th President of Singapore

Wee Kim Wee

Naked City photographer

Weegee

the founding director of CBS News

Paul White

who later broke the steroids scandals in baseball for the AP

Steve Wilstein

While much of normal news agency work is little publicized, many UP/UPI news staffers have gained fame, either while with the agency or in later careers. They include journalists, news executives, novelists and high government officials.


Among them:


UPI reporters and photographers have won ten Pulitzer Prizes:

In 1908, UP began offering feature stories and using reporter .[35]

bylines

In 1915, UP begins to use , more recently known as Teletype machines.[2]

teleprinters

In the 1930s and 1940s, UP Newspictures predecessor agency Acme developed the International Unifax machine, the first automatic picture receiver.

[36]

The "Ocean Press", a news service for , was founded in the 1930s, as a corporate subsidiary of Scripps. It used copy from United Press and later United Press International. By 1959, it had 125 subscriber ships.[16]

ocean liners

In 1935, UP was the first major news service to offer news to .[37]

broadcasters

In 1945, UP offered the first all-sports wire.

[38]

In 1948, UP started the first international television news film service. Originally named "UP Movietone", in view of a partnership with the service of 20th Century Fox, it went through several partnerships and name changes and was known as United Press International Television News or simply as UPITN, a name which also credited UPI's film and video service partner at the time, Britain's ITN television news service.[38]

Movietone News

In 1951, UP offered the first (TTS) service, enabling newspapers to automatically set and justify type from wire transmissions.[38]

teletypesetter

In 1952 UP, absorbed the Scripps-owned Acme photo service to form UP Newspictures

In 1958 United Press absorbed Hearst's INS to create UPI

In 1958, UPI created the first wire service audio network, an offshoot of the film service above. UPI Audio provided news material to radio stations. It was renamed in 1983.[18][38]

United Press International Radio Network

In 1974, UPI launched the first "high-speed" data newswire—operating at 1,200 WPM.

In 1978, UPI launched the first cable TV news network, , using SSTV technology via satellite to relay the channel to cable TV companies nationwide in the USA.

UPI Newstime

In 1979, UPI along with Telecomputing Corp. of America began making the UPI world news report available to owners of home computers.

[39]

In 1982, UPI pioneered a coding system allowing clients to choose stories based on topic, subtopic and location.

[40]

List of UPI reporters

List of online image archives

List of news agencies

. Princeton Architectural Press. June 17, 2007. pp. 432. ISBN 978-1-56898-689-0.

Breaking News: How the Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace, and Everything Else

Baillie, Hugh (1959). High Tension: The Recollections of Hugh Baillie. Harper & Brothers. p. 300.  0-8369-1543-7.

ISBN

Bartholomew, Frank H. (1983). . Sonoma, Calif.: Vine Brook Press. pp. 231. OCLC 39551960.

Bart, Memoirs of Frank H. Bartholomew: President, United Press, 1955–58, United Press International, 1958–62

Cronkite, Walter (November 27, 1996). (1st ed.). Knopf. pp. 400. ISBN 0-394-57879-1.

A Reporter's Life

Daniloff, Nicholas (April 7, 2008). . University of Missouri Press. pp. 440. ISBN 978-0-8262-1804-9.

Of Spies and Spokesmen: My Life As a Cold War Correspondent

Fenby, Jonathan (February 12, 1986). . Schocken Books. pp. 275. ISBN 0-8052-3995-2.

The International News Services

Gordon, Gregory & Cohen, Ronald E. (1990). . New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. pp. 429. ISBN 0-07-023804-9. OCLC 19519378.

Down to the Wire: UPI's Fight for Survival

Harnett, Richard & Ferguson, Billy G. (January 1, 2003). UNIPRESS: United Press International, Covering the 20th Century. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 384.  1-55591-481-0.

ISBN

Haynes, Gary (September 2006). Picture This! The Inside Story and Classic Photos of UPI Newspictures. Bulfinch Press. p. 256.  0-8212-5758-7.

ISBN

Helms, Richard, with William Hood. A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Random House, 2003.

Lewis, Boyd DeWolf (1981). . Vienna, Va.: Wolf's Head Press. pp. 327. OCLC 7968758.

Not Always a Spectator: A Newsman's Story

Morris, Joe Alex (October 31, 1968). Deadline Every Minute: The Story of the United Press. Praeger. p. 356.  0-8371-0175-1.

ISBN

Olson, Lynn & Cloud, Stanley W. (October 31, 1997). The Murrow Boys: Pioneers on the Front Lines of Broadcast Journalism. Mariner Books. p. 445.  0-395-87753-9.

ISBN

. The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.

Powers, Thomas

Read, Donald (1992). The Power of News. The History of Reuters 1849–1989. Oxford: . ISBN 0-19-821776-5.

Oxford University Press

Schonfeld, Reese (January 1, 2001). Me and Ted Against the World: The Unauthorized Story of the Founding of CNN. Collins. p. 432.  0-06-019746-3.

ISBN

Schwarzlose, Richard (June 1979). The American Wire Services. Arno Press. p. 453.  0-405-11774-4.

ISBN

Schwarzlose, Richard (January 1, 1989). Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 1: The Formative Years: From Pretelegraph to 1865. Northwestern University Press. p. 370.  0-8101-0818-6.

ISBN

Schwarzlose, Richard (February 1, 1990). . Northwestern University Press. pp. 366. ISBN 0-8101-0819-4.

Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 2: The Rush to Institution: From 1865 to 1920

Scripps, E.W.; McCabe, Charles (March 15, 2007). Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E. W. Scripps Drawn From His Unpublished Writings. McCabe Press. p. 259.  978-1-4067-6151-1.

ISBN

United Press International and American Heritage Magazine (1983) [1964]. Four Days: The Historical Record of the Death of President Kennedy. American Heritage Publishing Co. p. 143.  0-671-50046-5.

ISBN

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