Vodafone UK
Vodafone Limited, trading as Vodafone UK, is a British telecommunications company, owned by Vodafone Group, the world's eighth-largest telecommunications company.[3] Vodafone is the third-largest mobile network operator in the United Kingdom, with 18.6 million subscribers as of May 2024,[4] after O2 and EE, followed by Three.[5] The country's first cellular phone call was made on the Vodafone network in 1985.
Formerly
- Racal-Vikonics Limited (1980–1983)
- Racal-Millicom (Operating) Limited (1983–1984)
- Racal-Vodafone Limited (1984–1991)[1]
7 January 1980[1]
400 stores
In June 2023, it was announced that subject to regulatory approval Vodafone UK and Three UK will merge to create Britain's biggest mobile network. The merger is expected to be finalised before the end of 2024, and would create a group with 27 million mobile customers.
History[edit]
Mobile network[edit]
In 1981, Racal Electronics Group won its bid for the private sector UK Cellular licence, and created Racal Telecomms Division. The same year, Racal formed a joint venture with Millicom named 'Racal Vodafone'. The Vodafone name was first unveiled on 22 March 1984.[6] Vodafone made the first cellular telephone call in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1985, from St Katharine Docks to Newbury, and launched the UK's first cellular network later that year.[7] 'Vodapage' was launched two years later, providing 80% of the United Kingdom's population with a paging service, and a service called 'Vodata' was also launched for voice and data.[6]
Racal Telecom was demerged from Racal Electronics in 1991, becoming Vodafone Group, and introduced the country's first GSM mobile phone network the same year. The company launched digital data, fax and a text messaging service with Vodata in 1994.[6] Vodafone also began working with Globalstar to develop and launch a satellite to provide a Satellite phone service.
On 5 January 1999, Vodafone UK connected its 5 millionth customer. By the end of 1999 it had 8 million customers,[8] rising to 12 million in 2001,[9]
The first 3G voice call in the UK was made in April 2001 on the Vodafone UK network, with an initial network of 30 base stations in the Thames Valley set for the commercial launch in 2002.[10] That same month Vodafone launched GPRS services.[10] Around the same time, Vodafone's analogue TACS network was closed after 16 years of service.[11] In 2003, Vodafone introduced the 'Speaking Phone', a phone for blind & visually impaired users.[12] Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G was launched in 2005, a data card that uses the network's 3G capabilities to connect laptop users to the internet.
Vodafone UK won Mobile Retailer's 'National Retailer of the Year' in 2005 and was awarded 'Best Network' in the 2010 Mobile News and Mobile Awards.[13]
In May 2011, Vodafone and Justgiving launched 'JustTextGiving', which allows mobile phone user to donate between £1 and £10 to a registered charity using a SMS message, which is paid for by the donor through reverse SMS billing. Vodafone invested £5 million to ensure that charities do not incur any set-up costs, or commissions deducted from donations, ensuring that they receive 100% of donations and Gift Aid.[14][15]
Vodafone and O2 signed a deal in June 2012 which will see the two companies 'pool' their network technology, creating a single national grid of 18,500 transmitter sites. Both networks will continue to carry their own independent mobile spectrum.[16][17][18]
On 20 February 2013, Ofcom announced that Vodafone had been awarded spectrum in the 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz bands for 4G LTE coverage, bidding around £790 million for the spectrum.[19] The service became available to customers in London on 29 August, and will expand to a further twelve cities by the end of 2013.[20]
On 29 March 2018, following the release of iOS 11.3, Vodafone launched VoLTE (4G Calling) for iPhone users, with devices from the iPhone 6S to the iPhone X being compatible. The feature had been active on some Android phones from Huawei, Samsung Mobile and Sony Mobile prior to its launch on Apple Inc. devices.
On 3 July 2019, Vodafone launched their 5G network in Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool and London, with more towns and cities launching throughout 2019.[21]
In February 2024 Vodafone shut down their 3G network.
Fixed network[edit]
On 1 April 2012, Vodafone agreed a takeover of Cable & Wireless Worldwide at a cost of just over £1 billion.[22] The acquisition gave Vodafone access to its own fixed line network, in addition to the already established mobile network, allowing the company to begin work on launching a variety of fixed line services to Enterprise customers in addition to the ex-CWW customers which it acquired during the initial takeover.
Following the acquisition of CWW, Vodafone began working on a consumer Broadband and TV proposition, using its fibre network. Vodafone launched its broadband offering to the UK public on 12 October 2015.[23] Work is ongoing for the launch of Vodafone's UK TV service, which the company originally planned to launch before the spring of 2016,[24] however has since delayed to a later date.
Marketing[edit]
Stores[edit]
Vodafone operates a retail estate consisting of both company owned and franchise (known as Partner Agent) stores. In total, there are 363 stores located across the UK.
A 'Tech Team' section (similar to Apple's Genius Bar) was rolled out in November 2011 to Vodafone 'Elite' status Stores in cities & large towns, offering free advice to all customers of the mobile network. Vodafone also introduced the 'RED Box' to its stores at the same time, which allows phone users to transfer contents between handsets.[30]
Controversies[edit]
Loss of network[edit]
A break-in at the Vodafone exchange centre in Basingstoke on 28 February 2011 left several hundreds of thousands of customers in the west of London without network access, after burglars stole computer equipment and damaged network hardware.[46]
Subcontracting to third-parties[edit]
Vodafone came under fire after the Manchester Arena bombing of May 2017. The company outsourced the National Mutual Aid Telephony system out to a third party under the name of Content Guru. When the attack took place, the system failed to operate and resulted in those affected by the attack not being able to contact police or emergency services.[47][48]
Proposed merger with Three[edit]
In 2023, Vodafone UK struck a deal with Three UK to merge their UK businesses, subject to approval by the competition regulator. The combined company would have 27 million customers, which would make them the largest mobile network in the UK, surpassing O2 which has 24 million customers and EE which has 20 million.[49] The deal would give Vodafone Group a 51% stake in the new business with CK Hutchison (the owner of Three UK) owning the remaining 49%. Vodafone has an option to buy out Hutchison's stake, three years after completion of the merger.[50]
Vodafone claim that the deal would lead to £11bn of investment into 5G over the next 10 years.[49][51] Consumer group Which? and others raised concerns that the merger would risk lowering the quality of service and increasing prices due to less competition being present.[49]
In January 2024, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) have announced to start their Phase 1 investigation on this proposed deal. The Phase 1 investigation would take around 40 days to complete before the decision to either allow the merger or dive in a new phase investigation called Phase 2, where the regulator dives into more information about an acquisition or merger. This takes a lot more time compared to Phase 1 investigations.
In March 2024, the CMA completed their Phase 1 investigation, and have found evidence that the merger between Vodafone UK and Three UK could raise prices and reduce quality of the new network for consumers and businesses. The CMA gave Both Vodafone UK & Three UK five days to respond to the concerns with sufficient evidence before they started their phase 2 investigation which would take several months and it is expected to end in late 2024 when the CMA decides whether or not to allow the multi-billion pound merger.
VOXI by Vodafone[edit]
On 9 September 2017, Vodafone launched their VOXI SIM-only plans which offered users under 25 unlimited minutes, texts and endless data to social media websites and apps.[52] In 2018 the upper age limit was raised to 30. In November 2018, Voxi started selling contracted and SIM-free phones. In April 2019 the upper age limit was removed by Vodafone, meaning that VOXI is available to all users regardless of their age.
VOXI users gained access to Vodafone's 5G services in October 2019[53] although access was limited to users on the unlimited plan only. Users of lower-priced plans gained access to the new technology in September 2020[54] along with unlimited video streaming.
