Katana VentraIP

Liverpool

Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, northwest England. It had a population of 486,100 in 2021.[8] The city is located on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, adjacent to the Irish Sea, and is approximately 178 miles (286 km) from London. Liverpool is the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom, and the largest settlement in Merseyside. The city forms part of a larger urban region of over 2 million people which extends into the neighbouring counties of Cheshire and Lancashire. Liverpool is part of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority with a population of over 1.5 million.[12] [13][14][15]

This article is about the city in England. For the namesake football club, see Liverpool F.C. For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation).

Liverpool

1207

1880

51.5 sq mi (133.5 km2)

43.2 sq mi (111.8 km2)

42.62 sq mi (110.39 km2)

486,100

11,220/sq mi (4,332/km2)

506,565

List
List

E08000012

2021 estimate[11]

£15.9 billion

£32,841

Liverpool was established as a borough in 1207 in the county of Lancashire and became a significant town in the late seventeenth century, when the port at nearby Chester began to silt up. The Port of Liverpool became heavily involved in the Atlantic slave trade, with the first slave ship departing from the town in 1699. The port also imported much of the cotton required by the neighbouring Lancashire textile mills, and became a major departure point for English and Irish emigrants to North America. In the 19th century, Liverpool rose to global economic importance at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution and built the first intercity railway, the first non-combustible warehouse system (the Royal Albert Dock), and a pioneering elevated electrical railway; it was granted city status in 1880. In common with many British cities, the city entered a period of decline in the mid-20th century, though it experienced unprecedented levels of regeneration after it was selected as the European Capital of Culture in 2008.[16][17]


Liverpool's modern economy is diversified. The city has a significant influence on sectors such as tourism, culture, maritime, hospitality, healthcare, life sciences, advanced manufacturing, creative, and digital.[18][19][20] The city contains the second-highest number of national museums, listed buildings, and listed parks in the UK, with only London having more.[21] It is often used as a filming location due to its architecture, and was one of the top five cities in the UK most visited by overseas tourists in 2022. It is England's only UNESCO City of Music and has produced many notable musical acts, most notably the Beatles, while musicians from the city have released more chart-topping hit singles than anywhere else in the world. It has also produced countless actors, artists, poets, and writers. In sports, the city is known as the home of Premier League football teams Everton FC and Liverpool FC. The city's port was the fourth-largest in the UK in 2020, and numerous shipping and freight lines have headquarters and offices there.


Residents of Liverpool are often called "Scousers" in reference to scouse, a local stew made popular by sailors in the city, and the name is also applied to the distinct local accent. The city has a culturally and ethnically diverse population and historically attracted many immigrants, especially from Ireland, Scandinavia, and Wales. It is the home of the earliest black community in the UK, the earliest Chinese community in Europe, and the first mosque in England.[22]

Toponymy

The name comes from the Old English lifer, meaning thick or muddy water, and pōl, meaning a pool or creek, and is first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul.[23][24] According to the Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, "The original reference was to a pool or tidal creek now filled up into which two streams drained".[25] The place appearing as Leyrpole, in a legal record of 1418, may also refer to Liverpool.[26] Other origins of the name have been suggested, including "elverpool", a reference to the large number of eels in the Mersey.[27] The adjective "Liverpudlian" was first recorded in 1833.[24]


Although the Old English origin of the name Liverpool is beyond dispute, claims are sometimes made that the name Liverpool is of Welsh origin, but these are without foundation. The Welsh name for Liverpool is Lerpwl, from a former English local form Leerpool. This is a reduction of the form "Leverpool" with the loss of the intervocalic [v] (seen in other English names and words e.g. Daventry (Northamptonshire) > Danetry, never-do-well > ne’er-do-well).


In the 19th century, some Welsh publications used the name "Lle'r Pwll" ("(the) place (of) the pool"), a reinterpretation of Lerpwl, probably in the belief that "Lle'r Pwll" was the original form.


Another name, which is widely known even today, is Llynlleifiad, again a 19th-century coining. "Llyn" is pool, but "lleifiad" has no obvious meaning. G. Melville Richards (1910–1973), a pioneer of scientific toponymy in Wales, in "Place Names of North Wales",[28] does not attempt to explain it beyond noting that "lleifiad" is used as a Welsh equivalent of "Liver".


A derivative form of a learned borrowing into Welsh (*llaf) of Latin lāma (slough, bog, fen) to give "lleifiad" is possible, but unproven.

Liverpoldon (17th century)

[189]

Leeirpooltonian (17th Century)

[186]

Liverpolitan (19th century)

[190]

Liverpudlian (19th century to present)

[191]

= 128,200

Halton

= 154,500

Knowsley

= 183,200

St. Helens

"Lyrpole, alias Lyverpoole, a pavid towne, hath but a chapel ... The king hath a castelet there, and the hath a stone howse there. Irisch merchants cum much thither, as to a good haven ... At Lyrpole is smaul custom payed, that causith marchantes to resorte thither. Good marchandis at Lyrpole, and much Irish yarrn that Manchester men do buy there ..." – John Leland, Itinerary, c. 1536–1539[523]

Earl of Darbe

"Liverpoole is one of the wonders of Britain ... In a word, there is no town in England, London excepted, that can equal [it] for the fineness of the streets, and the beauty of the buildings." – , A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, 1721–1726

Daniel Defoe

"[O]ne of the neatest, best towns I have seen in England." – . Journal, 1755

John Wesley

"I have not come here to be insulted by a set of wretches, every brick in whose infernal town is cemented with an African's blood." – (1756–1812), an actor responding to being hissed at when he came onstage drunk during a visit to Liverpool[524]

George Frederick Cooke

"That immense City which stands like another upon the water ... where there are riches overflowing and every thing which can delight a man who wishes to see the prosperity of a great community and a great empire ... This quondam village, now fit to be the proud capital of any empire in the world, has started up like an enchanted palace even in the memory of living men." – Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, 1791

Venice

"I have heard of the greatness of Liverpool, but the reality far surpasses my expectation." – , speech, 1846

Prince Albert

"Liverpool ... has become a wonder of the world. It is the New York of Europe, a world city rather than merely British provincial." – , 15 May 1886

Illustrated London News

"The dream represented my situation at the time. I can still see the greyish-yellow raincoats, glistening with the wetness of the rain. Everything was extremely unpleasant, black and opaque – just as I felt then. But I had a vision of unearthly beauty, and that is why I was able to live at all. Liverpool is the "pool of life." The "liver," according to an old view, is the seat of life, that which makes to live." – , Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 1928

C. G. Jung

"The centre is imposing, dignified and darkish, like a city in a rather gloomy Victorian novel ... We had now arrived in the heart of the big city, and as usual it was almost a heart of darkness. But it looked like a big city, there was no denying that. Here, emphatically, was the English seaport second only to London. The very weight of stone emphasised that fact. And even if the sun never seems to properly rise over it, I like a big city to proclaim itself a big city at once..." – , English Journey, 1934

J. B. Priestley

"If Liverpool can get into top gear again, there is no limit to the city's potential. The scale and resilience of the buildings and people is amazing – it is a world city, far more so than London and Manchester. It doesn't feel like anywhere else in Lancashire: comparisons always end up overseas – , or Boston, or Hamburg. The city is tremendous, and so, right up to the First World War, were the abilities of the architects who built over it. The centre is humane and convenient to walk around in, but never loses its scale. And, in spite of the bombings and the carelessness, it is still full of superb buildings. Fifty years ago it must have outdone anything in England." – Ian Nairn, Britain's Changing Towns, 1967

Dublin

International links

Twin cities

Liverpool is twinned[525] with:

.

List of Freemen of the City of Liverpool

2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships

Atlantic history

Big Dig (Liverpool)

Healthcare in Liverpool

History of slavery

International Garden Festival

List of films and television shows set in Liverpool

List of hotels in Liverpool

Magistrates Courts, Liverpool

Triangular

Williamson Tunnels

Category: Culture in Liverpool

Liver bird

1911 Liverpool general transport strike

1345 Liverpool riot

Hughes, Quentin (1999). Liverpool: City of Architecture. . ISBN 978-1-872568-21-8.

Bluecoat Press

Liverpool City Council (2005). Maritime Mercantile City: Liverpool. . ISBN 978-1-84631-006-5.

Liverpool University Press

Moscardini, Anthony (2008). Liverpool City Centre: Architecture and Heritage. . ISBN 978-1-904438-64-9.

Bluecoat Press

Nicholls, Robert (2005). Curiosities of Merseyside. . ISBN 978-0-7509-3984-3.

Sutton Publishing

Sharples, Joseph (2004). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool. . ISBN 978-0-300-10258-1.

Yale University Press

Burke, Tom (1910). . Clack Press. ISBN 978-1408642504.

Catholic History of Liverpool

Dixon Scott, 1907

Liverpool

Ramsay Muir, 1907

A History of Liverpool

Ramsay Muir, 1913

Bygone Liverpool

Bygone Liverpool, David Clensy, 2008.  978-1-4357-0897-6

ISBN

Liverpool 800, John Belchem, 2006.  978-1-84631-035-5

ISBN

Beatle Pete, Time Traveller, Mallory Curley, 2005.

Chinese Liverpudlians, Maria Lin Wong, 1989.  978-1-871201-03-1

ISBN

Writing Liverpool: Essays and Interviews, edited by Michael Murphy and Rees Jones, 2007.  978-1-84631-073-7

ISBN

Jenkinson, Jacqueline, Black 1919: Riots, Racism and Resistance in Imperial Britain (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009)

May, Roy and Cohen, Robin, 'The Interaction between Race and Colonialism: A Case Study of the Liverpool Race Riots of 1919', Race and Class XVI.2 (1974), pp. 111–26