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Writing

Writing is the act of creating a persistent representation of human language. A writing system uses a set of symbols and rules to encode aspects of spoken language, such as its lexicon and syntax. However, written language may take on characteristics distinct from those of any spoken language.[1]

"Write" redirects here. For other uses, see Write (disambiguation).

Writing is a cognitive and social activity involving neuropsychological and physical processes. The outcome of this activity, also called "writing", and sometimes a "text", is a series of physically inscribed, mechanically transferred, or digitally represented symbols. The interpreter or activator of a text is called a "reader".[2]


In general, writing systems do not constitute languages in and of themselves, but rather a means of encoding language such that it can be read by others across time and space.[3][4] While not all languages use a writing system, those that do can complement and extend the capacities of spoken language by creating durable forms of language that can be transmitted across space (e.g. written correspondence) and stored over time (e.g. libraries or other public records).[5] Writing can also have knowledge-transforming effects, since it allows humans to externalize their thinking in forms that are easier to reflect on, elaborate on, reconsider, and revise.[6][7][8]

Written personal and group communication, using , signed texts such as open letters, e-mails, social media and chat software

letters

Unoriginal writing such as of texts and transcription of spoken language

translation

for film and other audiovisual scenes.

Screenplay writing

Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali (2019). . Palgrave Communications. 5 (1): 1–37. doi:10.1057/s41599-019-0274-1. ISSN 2055-1045.

"Interrogating Indus inscriptions to unravel their mechanisms of meaning conveyance"

Robinson, Andrew (2003). "The Origins of Writing". In Crowley, David; Heyer, Paul (eds.). Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society. Allyn and Bacon.

Stiebing, William H. Jr.; Helft, Susan N. (2018). (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-88083-6.

Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture

Wells, B. K. (2015). The Archaeology and Epigraphy of Indus Writing. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress.  9781784910464.

ISBN

Damqatum 3 (2007)

Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico

"Signs – Books – Networks", virtual exhibition of the German Museum of Books and Writing i.a. with a thematic module on sounds, symbols and script

— open access books, journals, teaching resources on research and practice.

Writing Across the Curriculum Clearinghouse