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Yellow River

The Yellow River (simplified Chinese: 黄河; traditional Chinese: 黃河; pinyin: Huáng Hé) is the second-longest river in China,[2] after the Yangtze; with an estimated length of 5,464 km (3,395 mi) it is the sixth-longest river system on Earth.[3] Originating at an elevation above 15,000 feet (4,600 metres)[4] in the Bayan Har Mountains, it empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization.[5][6] Its yellow sediments are carried downstream from the Loess Plateau.[7] The river experiences frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding farm fields.

For other Yellow Rivers, see Yellow River (disambiguation).

Etymology[edit]

When the Yellow River was still somewhat clear, it was simply referred to as 'the river' (, Old Chinese: *gâi).[8] Observations made at the Yumenkou gorge, where the river leaves the modern Loess Plateau, indicated the river changed to muddy sometime between 367 BC and 165 AD, according to chronicles' records.[9] The alternative names 'murky river' (濁河, *drôk-gâi) and '(muddy) yellow river' (黃河, *gwâŋ-gâi)[8] were attested in 145 BC[10][11] and in 429 AD respectively.[a] The name Yellow River edges out Murky River by the end of Tang dynasty, for unclear reasons.[b]


In the Shaanxi loess plateau, it is referred to as 'river, my lord' (老爺河, [lo˦˩˨ xɤu̯˧]) in the Jin language.[18][19] In Mongolian, it is called Šar mörön (Шар мөрөн 'yellow river')[20] or Khatan gol (Хатан гол 'queen river').[21] The river is mentioned in the Kul Tigin stele as the 'green river' (Old Turkic: yašïl ügüz, 𐰖𐱁𐰞𐰽𐰺𐰍).[22] The Tibetan name is "River of the Peacock" (Tibetan: རྨཆུ, Wylie: rma.chu, THL: Ma chu; 玛曲; 瑪曲; Mǎ qǔ).

White River

Daxia River

Tao River

Huang Shui

Datong River

Zhuanglang River

Zuli River

Qingshui River

Dahei River

Kuye River

Wuding River

Fen River

(the Wei River is the largest of these tributaries)

Wei River

Luo River

Qin River

Dawen River

(1960; Sanmenxia, Henan)

Sanmenxia Dam

(1966)

Sanshenggong Dam

hydroelectric power station (1968; Qingtongxia, Ningxia)

Qingtong Gorge

(Liujia Gorge) (1974; Yongjing County, Gansu)

Liujiaxia Dam

(1997) (Jainca County, Qinghai)

Lijiaxia Dam

(Yanguo Gorge) hydroelectric power station (1975; Yongjing County, Gansu)

Yanguoxia Dam

(1977)

Tianqiao Dam

(Bapan Gorge) (1980; Xigu District, Lanzhou, Gansu)

Bapanxia Dam

(1992; Gonghe County, Qinghai)

Longyangxia Dam

hydroelectric power station (1998)

Da Gorge

hydroelectric power station (1999)

Li Gorge

(1999; Pianguan County, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia)

Wanjiazhai Dam

(2001) (Jiyuan, Henan)

Xiaolangdi Dam

(2010) (Guide County, Qinghai)

Laxiwa Dam

(2016) (Xinghai County, Qinghai)

Yangqu Dam

(2018) (Maqên County, Qinghai)

Maerdang Dam

Below is the list of hydroelectric power stations built on the Yellow River, arranged according to the first year of operation (in brackets):


As reported in 2000, the 7 largest hydro power plants (Longyangxia, Lijiaxia, Liujiaxia, Yanguoxia, Bapanxia, Daxia and Qinglongxia) had the total installed capacity of 5,618 MW.[57]

Dongying Yellow River Bridge

(Dongying)

Shengli Yellow River Bridge

(Dongying)

Lijin Yellow River Bridge

Binzhou Yellow River Road-Railway Bridge

Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge

(BinzhouZibo)

Binzhou–Laiwu Expressway Binzhou Yellow River Bridge

(Binzhou–Zibo)

Huiqing Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan)

Jiyang Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan)

G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge

Jinan Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan)

Luokou Yellow River Railway Bridge

Jinan Jianbang Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan–Dezhou)

Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway Jinan Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan–Dezhou)

Beijing–Taipei Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge

(Jinan–Dezhou)

Beijing–Shanghai Railway Jinan Yellow River New Bridge

(Jinan-Liaocheng)

Pingyin Yellow River Bridge

The main bridges and ferries by the province names in the order of downstream to upstream are:


Shandong


Shandong–Henan


Henan


Shanxi–Henan


Shaanxi–Henan


Ningxia


Inner Mongolia


Gansu


Qinghai

The DELIGHT Project, Delta Information System for Geoenvironmental and Human Habitat Transition

from the Yellow River Cantata

Listen to the Yellow River Ballade

Archived 17 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine of the Yellow River from its source in Qinghai to its mouth (1987)

First raft descent

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Yellow River Basin – UNESCO report