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Zimbabwe National Army

The Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) is the primary branch of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces responsible for land-oriented military operations. It is the largest service branch under the Zimbabwean Joint Operations Command (JOC). The modern army has its roots in the Rhodesian Army, which was raised between 1963 and 1964 after the breakup of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.[4] A Joint High Command created in March 1980 to oversee integration of the formerly belligerent Rhodesian Security Forces, Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) officially established the Zimbabwe National Army in late 1980, nearly a year after the end of the Rhodesian Bush War.[5]

"ZNA" redirects here. For the airport with IATA code ZNA, see Nanaimo Harbour Water Airport.

Zimbabwe National Army

18 April 1980 
(44 years, 2 months)

25,000[1]

"Our swords are the shield of the nation"[2]

Green, Yellow   

Military history of Zimbabwe

The mission statement of the army is "to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and national interests of Zimbabwe and to contribute to international peace and security" a mandate the force has been able live up to in the region.[2] It is considered an integral component of the JOC, and falls under the ultimate authority of the President of Zimbabwe. The ZNA is directed by a Chief of the Army, the senior official being an Army Chief of Staff. Zimbabwe's highest ranking army officer as of October 2023 is Lt. Gen. Anselem Sanyatwe. In 2011, Harare continued to maintain a statutory strength of 40,000 active personnel; actual numbers hover closer to 30,000.[6] ZNA reserves claim another 21,800, putting the combined component strength total at approximately 51,800.

1 Infantry Brigade, Khumalo Barracks, Bulawayo (. Augustine Chiperwe)[36]

Brig. Gen

2 Infantry Brigade, Kaguyi Barracks (formerly Old Cranborne Barracks), Harare (. Fidelis Mhonda)[37]

Brig. Gen

3 Infantry Brigade, Herbert Chitepo Barracks, Mutare (Brig. Gen. , until his death on 11 July 2014)[38]

Eliah Bandama

4 Infantry Brigade, Gava Musungwa Zvinavashe Barracks, Masvingo (Brig. Gen. )[35]

Exesbios Tshuma

, Ngezi Barracks, Kwekwe[39] (Brig. Gen. Justin Mujaji, from 1 March 2012[40]) Deputy Commander to February 2014 was Col. Morgan Mzilikazi [41] Current Deputy Commander may be Col. Svitswa.[35]

5 Infantry Brigade

, Dzivarasekwa Barracks, Harare (Brig. Gen. Fidelis Mhunda)[42]

Presidential Guard Brigade

Mechanised Brigade, Inkomo Barracks, Harare (Maj. Gen. , Deputy Brigade Commander Col. Charles Shumba[43])

Paul Chima

Artillery Brigade, Domboshava (Brig. Gen. ),[44] Deputy Brigade Commander Col. Everson Nyamangodo.[35]

Stanley Mangena

Harare District. Deputy Commander in 2014 was Lt. Col. .[45]

Posani Matsaka

Bulawayo District. (Col. Exsebios Vusa Tshuma, although he is more recently reported as promoted to 4 Inf Bde commander).

[46]

Lt. Gen. Edzai Absolom Chanyuka Chimonyo (December 2017 to July 2021).

Lt. Gen. Philip Valerio Sibanda (January 2004 to December 2017)

[69]

Lt. Gen. Constantine Guveya Chiwenga (July 1994 to 31 December 2003)

[70]

Lt. Gen. Vitalis M. 'Fox' Gava Zvinavashe (1992 to 1994)

Gen. T. R. Solomon Mujuru (1981 to 1992)

Lt. Gen. Alistair ‘Sandy’ C. L. Maclean (18 April 1980 to 1981)

Central Intelligence Organisation

Ministry of Defence (Zimbabwe)

National Youth Service (Zimbabwe)

Zimbabwe Defence Industries

Rhodesian Security Forces

Special Forces of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwean Fifth Brigade

Zimbabwe Republic Police

Zimbabwe

ZNA Demonstrates ATGM

MILITARISATION OF ZIMBABWE: Does the opposition stand a chance?

Alao, Abiodun, "Mugabe and the Politics and Diplomacy of Security in Zimbabwe"

Alao, Abiodun (1995) The Metamorphosis of the ‘Unorthodox’: The Integration and Early Development of the Zimbabwean National Army. In: Bhebe, N. & Ranger, T. (eds) Soldiers in Zimbabwe’s Liberation War. Volume 1. University of Zimbabwe Publications, Harare: 104–117.  0-908307-36-5

ISBN

Binda, A. (2007) Masoja: The History of the Rhodesian African Rifles and its Forerunner, the Rhodesia Native Regiment. Thirty Degrees South Publishers Pty Ltd, Johannesburg.

Chitiyo, K. & Rupiya, M. (2005) Tracking Zimbabwe's political history: the Zimbabwe Defence Force from 1980 to 2005. In: Rupiya, M. (ed.) Evolutions and Revolutions: A Contemporary History of Militaries in Southern Africa. Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria: 331–363.  1-919913-82-3

ISBN

Cooper, Tom (2013) Africa@War Volume 14: Great Lakes Conflagration – The Second Congo War, 1998–2003. Helion & Co Ltd, England, and Thirty Degrees South Publishers Pty Ltd, Johannesburg.

Gangarosa, Gene Jr. (2001). Heckler & Koch—Armorers of the Free World. Maryland: Stoeger Publishing.  0-88317-229-1.

ISBN

(15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857439885.

International Institute for Strategic Studies

Godfrey Maringira, "Politicization and resistance in the Zimbabwean national army," , Volume 116, Issue 462, 1 January 2017, Pages 18–38, doi:10.1093/afraf/adw055.

African Affairs

Rupiah, Martin, Lt. Col. (1995) Peacekeeping operations: The Zimbabwean experience. In: Shaw, M. & Celliers, J. (eds), South Africa and Peacekeeping in Africa, Volume 1. Institute for Defence Policy, Halfway House, South Africa: 111–125.

– Zimbabwe National Army official website

Zna.gov.zw

– official recruiting site

Zna/recruitment

Archived 4 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine – Ministry of Defence

MOD.gov.zw

– Zimbabwe Child Soldiers Victim Foundation

Zimbabwechildsoldiers.com

– Unofficial Zimbabwe Defence Forces website

Zimbabwedefence.com