1630

– A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy.

– A team of Portuguese military advisers to China's Ming dynasty government arrive at Zhuozhou. Led by Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa, and accompanied by interpreter João Rodrigues, the group begins training the troops of Governor Sun Yuanhua in using modern cannons.

– Otto III and his brother William Augustus, both, Dukes of Brunswick-Harburg, sell their rights to inherit rule of Brunswick-Lüneburg to Prince Christian for in return of his payment of their debts of more than 150,000 thaler.

– In China, General Yuan Chonghuan is invited to an audience with the Chongzhen Emperor and is arrested on charges of collusion with the enemy. Yuan is executed by the slow death on September 22.

– Nicolò Contarini is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Venice and spends most of his time fighting a bubonic plague epidemic, but dies in office on April 2, 1631.

– Native American Quadequine introduces popcorn to English colonists.

– A fleet sent by the Dutch West India Company captures Recife from the Portuguese, establishing Dutch Brazil.

– The 1630 Crete earthquake occurs.

– Fedorovych Uprising: Zaporozhian Cossacks rebel against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and occupy a large part of modern-day Ukraine. After a number of indecisive skirmishes with a Polish army sent to pacify the region, the Treaty of Pereyaslav is signed, ending the uprising.

– Herbert Westfaling, English politician (d. 1705)

– Manuel da Câmara III, Portuguese noble (d. 1673)

– Edward Blaker, English politician (d. 1678)

January 11

– Ōta Suketsugu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1685)

– Guru Har Rai, Sikh guru (d. 1661)

– Andrew Balfour, Scottish doctor (d. 1694)

– Philip Florinus of Sulzbach, Austrian field marshal (d. 1703)

– Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1661–1678) (d. 1678)

– Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde, Dutch painter (d. 1693)

– Pierre Daniel Huet, French churchman and scholar (d. 1721)

– Cornelis Bisschop, Dutch painter (d. 1674)

– Jan Vermeer van Utrecht, Dutch painter (d. 1696)

– Shivaji, Indian warrior king, founder of the Maratha Empire (d. 1680)

(bapt.) – Josefa de Óbidos, Spanish artist (d. 1684)

– Ignace Cotolendi, French bishop (d. 1662)

– José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1699)

– Thierry Beschefer, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1711)

– Silvestro Valiero, Doge of Venice (d. 1700)

– Henry Briggs, English mathematician (b. 1556)

– Fynes Moryson, English traveler and writer (b. 1566)

– William Brade, English composer (b. 1560)

– George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury, English earl (b. 1566)

– William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (b. 1580)

– Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1568)

– Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel, English countess and poet (b. 1557)

– Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (b. 1565)

– Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet and soldier (b. 1552)^[11]

– Dorothea Flock, German alleged witch (b. 1608)

– Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English noble (b. 1584)

– Jacob Ulfeldt, Danish politician (b. 1567)

– Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1562)^[12]

– Thomas Walsingham, English spymaster (b. 1561)

– Giulio Mancini, Italian papal physician (b. 1559)

– Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (b. 1564)

– Thomas Lake, English statesman (b. 1567)

– Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)

– Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)

– Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (b. 1584)

– Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (b. 1576)

– Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases, Italian general (b. 1569)

– John Heminges, English actor (b. 1566)

– Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish founder of the Monastery of Santa Clara (b. 1555)

– Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (b. 1571)^[13]

– Tōdō Takatora, Japanese daimyo (b. 1556)

– Esaias van de Velde, Dutch painter (b. 1587)

November 19

– Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza (b. 1568)

– Franciscus Dousa, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1577)

– Orazio Riminaldi, Italian painter (b. 1593)

approx. date

unknown date – , Italian painter (b. c. 1548)