1641

– The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines has a major eruption.

– The Battle of Malacca concludes with the Dutch East India Company ending Portuguese control of Malacca.

– The Junta de Braços (council of Estates) of the Principality of Catalonia, led by Pau Claris, proclaims the Catalan Republic under French protection.

– King Charles I of England gives his assent to the Triennial Act, reluctantly committing himself to parliamentary sessions of at least fifty days, every three years.^[1]

– King Charles I of England decrees that all Roman Catholic priests must leave England by April 7 or face being arrested and treated as traitors.

– The trial for high treason begins for Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, director of England's Council of the North.

March 27

– Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (d. 1709)

– Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont, Scottish statesman (d. 1724)

– François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (d. 1691)

– Claude de la Colombière, French Jesuit priest and saint (d. 1682)

– Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1659–1695) (d. 1695)

– Jerolim Kavanjin, Croatian poet (d. 1714)

February 8

– Gabriel Tammelin, Lutheran clergyman (d. 1695)

– Hyeonjong of Joseon, 18th monarch of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (d. 1674)

– Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, Muslim scholar (d. 1731)

– Johann Zahn, 17th-century German author of Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus Sive Telescopium (d. 1707)

– Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. c. 1618)

– Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate, German noble (b. 1632)

January 11

– Sara Copia Sullam, Italian poet and writer (b. 1592)^[10]

– Krisztina Nyáry, Hungarian noblewoman (b. 1604)

– Francesco Usper, Italian composer (b. 1561)

– Pau Claris i Casademunt, Catalan ecclesiastic (b. 1586)

– Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer and geographer (b. 1587)

– Adam, Count of Schwarzenberg, German politician (b. 1583)

– Claude Bernard, French priest (b. 1588)

– Domenico Zampieri (Domenichino), Italian painter (b. 1581)

– Richard Montagu, English clergyman (b. 1577)

– Wilhelm von Rath, German soldier and scholar (b. 1585)

– Johan Banér, Swedish soldier (b. 1596)

– Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, English statesman (b. 1593)

– Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1585)

July 4

July 6

– Balthasar I Moretus, Flemish printer (b. 1574)

– Nicolaes le Febure, Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1589)

– Thomas Mun, English writer on economics (b. 1571)

– Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno, Italian cardinal (b. 1578)

– Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (b. 1572)

– Augustine Baker, Welsh Benedictine mystic (b. 1575)

– Thomas Heywood, English playwright (b. c. 1573)

– Jean-Jacques Bouchard, 17th-century French writer (b. 1606)

– Ambrose Barlow, English Catholic martyr (b. 1585) (executed)

– John Upton, English politician (b. 1590)

– Étienne Martellange, French architect (b. 1569)

– Cornelis Jol, Dutch naval commander and privateer (b. 1597)

November 9

– Christopher Clitherow, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament (b. 1578)

– Philipp Ludwig III, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1638–1641) (b. 1632)

– Hedwig of Denmark, Danish princess (b. 1581)

– John Percy, English priest (b. 1569)

– Sir Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (b. 1599)^[11]

– Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 2nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1560)

– Francis van Aarssens, Dutch diplomat (b. 1572)