1714

– After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment.

– The Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes.

– (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old.^[1]

– (February 19 old style) The Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men.

– The Treaty of Rastatt is signed between Austria and France, concluding the War of the Spanish Succession between them. Austria receives the Spanish territories in Italy (the Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Kingdom of Sardinia), as well as the Southern Netherlands; and from France, Freiburg and Landau. The Austrian Habsburg Empire reaches its largest territorial extent yet, with Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor succeeding Philip V of Spain, as ruler in the ceded territories.

January 1

January 6

– Elisabeth Stierncrona, Swedish noble (d. 1769)^[9]

– Johann Georg Dominicus von Linprun, German scientist (d. 1787)

January 16

– Hugh Farmer, British theologian (d. 1787)

– Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeler (d. 1774)

– Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre, Marshal of France (d. 1788)

– Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (d. 1785)

February 1

– Gottfried August Homilius, German composer, cantor and organist (d. 1785)^[10]

– Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, German botanist (d. 1786)

– Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein, German-Prussian diplomat and later Prime Minister of Prussia (d. 1800)

– Sebastian Sailer, German Premonstratensian preacher, writer (d. 1777)

– William Vane, 2nd Viscount Vane of Ireland (d. 1789)

– John Howe, 2nd Baron Chedworth of England, eldest son of John Howe (d. 1762)

February 22

February 25

– James Hervey, English clergyman and writer (d. 1758)

– Gioacchino Conti, Italian opera singer (d. 1761)

– Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menshikov, Russian army officer (d. 1764)

– John Hamilton, Royal Navy officer (d. 1755)

– Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre, French painter (d. 1789)

– Charles Thomas, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, German nobleman, head of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (d. 1789)

– Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German Classical composer (d. 1788)^[11]

– Cornelis Elout, Dutch regent (d. 1779)

– Maximilian Reichsgraf von Hamilton, German-born Czech Catholic bishop (d. 1776)

– Aymar Joseph de Roquefeuil et du Bousquet, French admiral (d. 1782)

– Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, British judge (d. 1794)

March 25

– Francesco Antonio Zaccaria, Italian theologian (d. 1795)

– Mahadhammaraza Dipadi, last Toungoo Dynasty king of Burma (Myanmar) (1733–1752) (d. 1754)

– Jean-François de Neufforge, Flemish architect and engraver (d. 1791)

– John Elwes (politician), British politician (d. 1789)

– Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader (d. 1788)

– Claude Yvon, French encyclopedist (d. 1791)

– Pedro António Avondano, Italian composer (d. 1782)

– Jacques-Nompar III de Caumont, duc de La Force, French nobleman (d. 1755)

– Emer de Vattel, Swiss philosopher (d. 1767)

May 6

– Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, German actress from Berlin (d. 1792)

– Johan Daniel Berlin, Norwegian composer and organist (d. 1787)

– William Whitmore, British general (d. 1771)

– Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine, French royal (d. 1773)

– Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst, British lawyer and politician (d. 1794)

– Joseph I of Portugal, Prince of Brazil (d. 1777)

– César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer and cartographer (d. 1784)

– Giovanni Sarnelli, Italian painter (d. 1793)

– Michael Lally (brigadier-general), Irish-born French brigadier-general (d. 1773)

– Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (d. 1787)^[12]

July 8

– Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov, Russian noble, politician (d. 1767)

– Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (d. 1800)

July 17

– Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714–1728), Russian grand duchess (d. 1728)

August 1

– Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)^[13]

– Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl Stanhope of Great Britain (d. 1786)

– Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg, German noble (d. 1741)

– Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (d. 1774)

August 28

– Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia, Prussian princess (d. 1784)

– Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury), British politician (d. 1788)

– Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (d. 1774)^[14]

– Gottlieb Rabener, German writer of prose satires (d. 1771)

– Charles Humphreys, miller and statesman from Haverford Township, Pennsylvania (d. 1786)

– Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons, Prince of Savoy (d. 1734)

– Alaungpaya, King of Burma (d. 1760)

September 29

– Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French academic (d. 1780)

October 1

– Joseph Spencer, American general (d. 1789)

– Christoph Anton Migazzi, Austrian Catholic bishop (d. 1803)

– Giovanni Arduino (geologist), Italian geologist (d. 1795)

– Joseph von Petrasch, German philologist (d. 1772)

– James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge, scholar of language evolution and philosopher (d. 1799)

– Princess Marie Victoire d'Arenberg, Margravine of Baden-Baden as consort of Augustus George (d. 1793)

– Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (d. 1776)

– Hedvig Taube, Swedish courtier (d. 1744)

– Johann Joachim Spalding, German theologian (d. 1804)

– Camillo Almici, Italian priest (d. 1779)

– Anica Bošković, Ragusan writer (d. 1804)

– John Boyle, 3rd Earl of Glasgow, Scottish nobleman (d. 1775)

– Mathieu Tillet, French botanist (d. 1791)

– William Shenstone, English poet and landscape gardener (d. 1763)^[15]

– Thomas Zebrowski, Lithuanian Jesuit scientist (d. 1758)

– Pierre-François Brice, French artist (d. 1794)

– Jean Philippe Goujon de Grondel, French general (d. 1807)

– Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye, French-Canadian explorer (d. 1755)

– Edward Pickard, British minister (d. 1778)

– Israel Acrelius, Swedish missionary and clergyman (d. 1800)

– Leonard Lispenard, American politician (d. 1790)

– Étienne Mignot de Montigny, French engineer, geographer (d. 1782)

– George Whitefield, English Anglican priest (d. 1770)

December 18

– John Winthrop (educator), 2nd Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Harvard College (d. 1779)

December 21

December 23

December 31

– Atto Melani, Italian opera singer (b. 1626)

– Mamia III Gurieli, Prince of Guria

– Constantin Ranst de Jonge, son of Hieronimus Rans(t) (1607–1660) (b. 1635)

– Gabriel Álvarez de Toledo, Royal Librarian of King Felipe V of Spain (b. 1662)

– John Sharp, English Archbishop of Yorkshire (b. 1643)

– Eugen Alexander Franz, 1st Prince of Thurn and Taxis (b. 1652)

– Edmund Andros, English governor in North America (b. 1637)

– Hans Carl von Carlowitz, German forester (b. 1645)

– John Talbot of Lacock, British politician and general (b. 1630)

March 27

– Samuel Carpenter, Deputy Governor of colonial Pennsylvania (b. 1649)

– Esther Liebmann, German banker (b. 1649)

April 17

– Charles, Duke of Berry, grandson of Louis XIV of France (b. 1686)

– Roger Elliott, British general and Governor of Gibraltar (b. c. 1665)

– Ivan Botsis, Russian admiral of Greek origin (unknown birth date)

– Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (b. 1684)

– George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton, English Member of Parliament (b. 1631)

– Gottfried Arnold, German church historian (b. 1666)

– Electress Sophia of Hanover, heir to the throne of Great Britain (b. 1630)

– Matthew Henry, English non-conformist minister (b. 1662)

– Daniel Papebroch, Flemish Jesuit hagiographer (b. 1628)

– Antonio Magliabechi, Italian librarian (b. 1633)

– Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)^[17]

– Christoffel Pierson, Dutch painter (b. 1631)

– Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1654)

– Edward Fowler, English Bishop of Gloucester (b. 1632)

– Anna Waser, Swiss painter (b. 1678)

– Thomas Britton, English concert promoter (b. 1644)

– Raja Sitaram Ray, autonomous king, vassal of the Mughal Empire (b. 1658)

– Jeanne Le Ber, religious recluse in New France (b. 1662)

– Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b. 1630)

– Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (b. 1646)

– Sébastien Leclerc, French painter (b. 1637)

– Pedro, Prince of Brazil, second child of John V of Portugal and Maria Ana of Austria (b. 1712)

– Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (b. 1633)

– Charles Davenant, English economist, politician and pamphleteer (b. 1656)^[18]

– Filippo II Colonna, Italian noble (b. 1663)

– Jerolim Kavanjin, Croatian poet (b. 1641)

– Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (b. 1653)

– Charles Churchill, British general (b. 1656)

– François Adhémar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan, French aristocrat (b. 1632)

date unknown – , Hungarian heroine (b. 1680)