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Baloch people

The Baloch (/bəˈl/ bə-LOHCH) or Baluch (/bəˈl/ bə-LOOCH; Balochi: بلۏچ, romanized: Balòc) are a nomadic,[11][12][13][14] pastoral,[15][16][17] ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Baloch language[18] and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

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بلۏچ

6.86 million (2017 census)[3]

2 million (2021)[4]

500,000

500,000–600,000[5]

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Katana VentraIP

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Etymology

The exact origin of the word "Baloch" is unclear. According to the Baloch historian Naseer Dashti (2012), the name of the ethnic group derives from 'Balaschik' living in Balasagan, between the Caspian Sea and Lake Van in present-day Turkey and Azerbaijan, who are believed to have migrated to Balochistan during the Sasanian times.[22] The remnants of the original name such as "Balochuk" and "Balochiki" are said to be still used as ethnic names in Balochistan.[23] Some other writers suggest a derivation from Sanskrit words bal, meaning strength, and och meaning high or magnificent.[23] An earliest Sanskrit reference to the Baloch might be the Gwalior inscription of the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Mihira Bhoja (r. 836–885), which says that the dynasty's founder Nagabhata I repelled a powerful army of Valacha Mlecchas, translated as "Baluch foreigners" by D. R. Bhandarkar. The army in question is that of the Umayyad Caliphate after the conquest of Sindh.[24]

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Assimilation of non-Baloch tribes[a] into the Baloch tribal system has been a major phenomenon throughout the history of Baloch people, and today a significant Baloch population has diverse origins.[19] The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan,[20] while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number reside in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, and around 2% of the populations of both Iran and Afghanistan.[21]

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Genetics

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For most Balochs, haplogroup R1a is the most common paternal clade,[56] while haplogroup L-M20 is the most common paternal clade in Makran.

(1911–1967), a veteran politician from Muslim League and a tribal leader from Balochistan. He was a close friend of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[59]

Mir Jafar Khan Jamali

(1468–1565), Baloch folk hero

Mir Chakar Rind

(1944–2020), the 15th prime minister of Pakistan.[60]

Zafarullah Khan Jamali

(born 1955), the 11th and 14th president of Pakistan.

Asif Ali Zardari

(1917–2011), research scholar, historian, educationist and linguist in Urdu, English, Persian and Sindhi languages.

Nabi Bakhsh Baloch

(1929–2021), jurist and caretaker prime minister of Pakistan from 25 March to 5 June 2013.

Mir Hazar Khan Khoso

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(born 1954), the 26th chief justice of Pakistan.[61]

Asif Saeed Khan Khosa

(born 1969), former chief minister of Punjab province.[62][63]

Sardar Usman Buzdar

(born 1949), the federal minister for human rights and a member of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.

Shireen Mazari

Pakistani American singer and songwriter.

Quratulain Balouch

(1964–2007), Pakistani Diplomat and Religious Cleric.[64]

Abdul Rashid Ghazi

(1940–2010), the 8th president of Pakistan.[65]

Farooq Leghari

(1935–1998), Islamic scholar who served as Chairman of Ruet-e-Hilal Committee.[66]

Maulana Muhammad Abdullah

(born 1961) Member of the Provincial Assembly and Ex-Minister for Counter Terrorism Punjab.

Sardar Mohammad Ayub Khan Gadhi

(born 1978), a Pakistani woman cricketer.

Kiran Maqsood Baluch

(born 1960), Imam of Red Mosque

Maulana Abdul Aziz

(1953–2022), a former Pakistani cricketer.

Aftab Baloch

(born 1935), a former governor of Punjab province.

Zulfiqar Ali Khosa

(1929–2021), a former Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan.

Mir Hazar Khan Khoso

(born 1946), a former Governor of Punjab.

Latif Khosa

(1949–2016), a former Chief Sardar of the Khoso Tribe and former Member of the Provincial Assembly from PS-14 Jacobabad.

Muhammad Muqeem Khan Khoso

(born 1981), former member of the Pakistani Senate and current chief minister of Balochistan.

Sarfraz Bugti

(born 1970), former chief minister of Balochistan.

Abdul Quddus Bizenjo

(born 1961), the 15th chief minister of Balochistan.[67]

Sanaullah Khan Zehri

(1963–2018), a member of Balochistan Awami Party.[68] He is also a recipient of the Sitara-e-Shujaat (star of bravery).[69]

Siraj Raisani

(1930–2020), a Baluch veteran politician.

Sherbaz Khan Mazari

(1928–2022), the interim prime minister of Pakistan in a 1993 caretaker government.[70]

Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari

(born 1945), a retired General in the Pakistan army. Currently a Pakistani politician.

Abdul Qadir Baloch

(1928–2014), was a Baloch politician from the province of Balochistan in Pakistan.[71]

Khair Bakhsh Marri

(1926–2006), the former Tumandar of the Bugti tribe and Minister of State of Balochistan Province.

Akbar Bugti

(born 1987), human rights activist, artist and motivational speaker.

Muniba Mazari

(born 1970), director, producer, screenwriter and actor.

Yasir Nawaz

(born 1981), Pakistani female politician.

Naz Baloch

(born 1978), television actor, director and comedian.

Danish Nawaz

(born 1970), Canadian Pakistani actress.

Mahnoor Baloch

hip hop rapper and singer.

Eva B

(born 1981), Pakistani filmmaker, cinematographer, screenwriter and actor.

Bilal Lashari

(born 1996), singer-songwriter.

Kaifi Khalil

(born 1989), Pakistani actor and model.

Hasnain Lehri

: Pakistani model, actress, feminist and social media celebrity.

Qandeel Baloch

: Pakistani television actress and model.

Anmol Baloch

Baloch of Iran

Baloch people in Punjab

Baloch people in the United Arab Emirates

Baloch of Turkmenistan

Baloch of Oman

Baloch people in India

Al Balushi

Balochi cuisine

Indo-Iranian peoples

Baloch nationalism

1898 Baloch uprising

Dashti, Naseer (2012), , Trafford Publishing, pp. 33–, ISBN 978-1-4669-5896-8

The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State

Axmann, Martin (2019). . In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.

"Baluchistan and the Baluch people"

Bulookbashi, Ali A.; Asatryan, Mushegh (2013). . In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.

"Balūch"

Elfenbein, J. "Balochi Literature". In: Oral Literature of Iranian Languages. Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Ossetic, Persian & Tajik. Ed. P. G. Kreyenbroek and U. Marzolph. London: , 2010. pp. 167–198. (A History of Persian Literature. ed. E. Yarshater. vol. 18. Companion vol. 2).

I. B. Tauris

at Curlie

Baloch people

Wikimedia Atlas of Iran

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