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Beylerbey

Beylerbey (Ottoman Turkish: بكلربكی, romanized: beylerbeyi, lit. 'bey of beys', meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Initially designating a commander-in-chief, it eventually came to be held by senior provincial governors. In Ottoman usage, where the rank survived the longest, it designated the governors-general of some of the largest and most important provinces, although in later centuries it became devalued into a mere honorific title. The title is originally Turkic and its equivalents in Arabic were amir al-umara, and in Persian, mir-i miran.

For the neighbourhood in Istanbul, see Beylerbeyi.

[in German] (1976). Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches [The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire]. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 13 (in German). Reichert. ISBN 3-920153-56-1.

Birken, Andreas

(1965). "Eyālet". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 721–724. OCLC 495469475.

İnalcık, Halil

Jackson, Peter (1989). . In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/1: Bāyju–Behruz. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-71009-124-6.

"BEGLERBEGĪ"

Ménage, V. L. (1960). . In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1159–1160. OCLC 495469456.

"Beglerbegī"

İpşırlı, Mehmet (1992). (in Turkish). Vol. 6 (Besir Aga Camii - Cafer Pasa Tekkesi). Istanbul: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. pp. 69–74. ISBN 978-97-53-89433-3.

BEYLERBEYİ