Bristol underground scene
The Bristol underground scene is a cultural movement in Bristol beginning in the early 1980s. The scene was born out of a lack of mainstream clubs catering for the emergence of hip hop music, with street and underground parties a mainstay. Crews formed playing hip hop in disused venues with sound systems borrowed from the reggae scene: City Rockers, 2 Bad, 2 Tuff, KC Rock, UD4, FBI, Dirty Den, Juice Crew, Rene & Bacus, Soul Twins, KC Rock, Fresh 4, and the Wild Bunch were among them. These names were the precursors to the more well known names that came from this scene.[1] It is characterized by musicians and graffiti artists. The scene was influenced by the city's multiculturalism, political activism, and the arts movements of punk, reggae, hip hop, hippies and new age.[2]
Bristol has been particularly associated with the music genre trip hop.[3]
The Bristol scene has a strong relationship between music and visual art, particularly graffiti art. A founding member of the band Massive Attack, Robert Del Naja, originally a graffiti artist, and local graffiti artist Banksy, have gone on to produce album covers and artworks. Inkie, collaborator alongside Banksy, also took part in Bristol's counter-culture scene.[4][5]
History[edit]
The music scene in Bristol in the 1970s and '80s was influenced by Caribbean immigrants,[1] as well as the growing UK punk movement of the time.[2]
The city of Bristol was beginning to form a sound system culture in the late 1970s, with regular impoundings of music equipment by police.[6] Due to rising social tensions in the city, the 1980 St. Pauls riot occurred, after a police raid of the Black and White Café. After the riots, the police no longer confiscated music equipment. Music fans began looking towards reggae bands like the Black Roots because of their messages of pacifism in a time of social conflict.[7]
In the early 1980s, hip hop culture made its way to Bristol and graffiti artists like Robert Del Naja and Banksy began making graffiti art.[2] In music, the Wild Bunch sound system began playing hip hop, reggae, funk and rhythm and blues tracks but with added ambient effects, leading to the development of trip hop music.[8]
Characteristics[edit]
Activism[edit]
By definition the underground scene tends to be slightly apart from the mainstream, and this is reflected in the politics of some of the artists and musicians associated with it. Robert Del Naja and others openly declared their opposition to the Iraq War, for example.[9] Del Naja and Banksy have both submitted art works to the War Paint exhibition which showcases anti-war art work.
"Bristol sound" and trip hop[edit]
The Bristol sound was the name given to a number of bands and producers from Bristol, in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[10] The city has been particularly associated with the music genre trip hop. Salon magazine has said that trip hop was spawned in "the bohemian, multi-ethnic city of Bristol, where restlessly inventive DJs had spent years assembling samples of various sounds that were floating around: groove-heavy acid jazz, dub, neo-psychedelia, techno disco music, and the brainy art rap".[3]
The Bristol sound has been described as "possessing a darkness that is uplifting, a joyful melancholy".[11] As a whole, the Bristol sound was characterised by a slow, spaced-out hip hop sound that a number of artists in the early and mid-1990s made synonymous with the city. These artists include Massive Attack,[12] Portishead and Tricky and others such as Way Out West, Smith & Mighty, Up, Bustle and Out, Monk & Canatella, Kosheen, Roni Size, and the Wild Bunch.[13]
Bibliography[edit]
Chemam, Melissa (2019), Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone, Tangent Books, ISBN 1910089729, ISBN 978-1910089729