Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions

The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions,^[3] are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the ancient Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arameans. Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] The older inscriptions form a Canaanite–Aramaic dialect continuum, exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla Inscription.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

The Northwest Semitic languages are a language group that contains the Aramaic language, as well as the Canaanite languages including Phoenician and Hebrew.

(1828). Miscellanea Phoenicia, sive Commentarii de rebus Phoenicum, quibus inscriptiones multae lapidum ac nummorum, nominaque propria hominum et locorum explicantur, item Punicae gentis lingua et religiones passim illustrantur. S. et J. Luchtmans.: Hamaker's review assessed 13 inscriptions^[24]

Hamaker, Hendrik Arent

Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae. In the 1830s, only approximately 80 inscriptions and 60 coins were known in the entire Phoenicio-Punic corpus^[24]^[25]

Wilhelm Gesenius

[in German] (1869). Die phönizische sprache. Entwurf Einer Grammatik, Nebst Sprach- und Schriftproben. Halle, Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.: The first study of Phoenician grammar, listed 332 texts known at the time^[24]^[26]

Schröder, Paul

CIS: ; the first section is focused on Phoenician-Punic inscriptions (176 "Phoenician" inscriptions and 5982 "Punic" inscriptions)^[4]

Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum

KAI: , considered the "gold standard" for the last fifty years^[27]

Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften

NSI: , 1903: Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions: Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish ^[28]

George Albert Cooke

NE: , 1898: Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik, nebst ausgewählten Inschriften: I Text and II Plates ^[28]

Mark Lidzbarski

KI: (1907). Kanaanäische Inschriften (moabitisch, althebräisch, phönizisch, punisch). A. Töpelmann.

Lidzbarski, Mark

TSSI: Gibson, J. C. L. (1971). . OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-813159-5. Volume III. Phoenician Inscriptions, Including Inscriptions in the Mixed Dialect of Arslan Tash (Oxford: OUP, 1982; ISBN 978-0-19-813199-1)

Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions: I. Hebrew and Moabite Inscriptions

TAD: Bezalel Porten and Ada Yardeni (1986–2000),

Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt

Renz, J.; Röllig, W. (1995). (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-534-12297-4.

Handbuch der althebräischen Epigraphik

Jongeling, K. (2008). . Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-149303-4.

Handbook of Neo-Punic Inscriptions

Sass, Benjamin; Finkelstein, Israel (2013). "The West Semitic Alphabetic Inscriptions, Late Bronze II to Iron IIA: Archeological Context, Distribution and Chronology". Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel. 2 (2): 149. :10.1628/219222713X13757034787838.

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The inscriptions written in ancient Northwest Semitic script (Canaanite and Aramaic) have been catalogued into multiple corpora (i.e., lists) over the last two centuries. The primary corpora to have been produced are as follows:

The inscriptions listed below include those which are mentioned in multiple editions of the corpora above (the numbers in the concordance column cross-refer to the works above), as well as newer inscriptions which have been published since the corpora above were published (references provided individually).

[in German] (1983). The Phoenician Language: Remarks on the Present State of Research. pp. 375–385. 2, Rom 1983 {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)