Hokkien
Hokkien (/ˈhɒkiɛn/ HOK-ee-en, US also /ˈhoʊkiɛn/ HOH-kee-en)[12] is a variety of the Southern Min languages, native to and originating from the Minnan region, in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern mainland China. It is also referred to as Quanzhang (Chinese: 泉漳; pinyin: Quánzhāng), from the first characters of the urban centers of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou.
For other uses, see Hokkien (disambiguation).Hokkien
- Amoy
- Quanzhou
- Zhangzhou
- Longyan
- Taiwanese
- Singaporean[6]
- Penang[6]
- Medan[6]
- Philippine[6]
- Southern Peninsular Malaysian[6]
- Riau Hokkien (Riau Province, Riau islands, Jambi)[6]
- Kelantan Hokkien (Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Southern Thailand)[6]
- Kuching Sarawak Hokkien (Kuching, Sarawak)[6]
- Brunei Hokkien (Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Limbang, Labuan)
- Java Hokkien (Jakarta, Semarang, Surakarta, etc.)
- Hong Kong Hokkien (North Point, Causeway Bay, Kowloon Bay)
- Yangon Hokkien (Yangon Region)[6]
- Phuket Hokkien (Phuket province)[6]
- Saigon Hokkien (Chợ Lớn, Ho Chi Minh City)[6]
- Written Hokkien (Chinese characters)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Latin letters)
- Tâi-lô (Latin letters)
- Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
nan for Southern Min (hbl is proposed[11])
Hokkien
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Taiwanese Hokkien is one of the national languages in Taiwan. Hokkien is also widely spoken within the overseas Chinese diaspora in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Hong Kong, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam elsewhere across the world. Mutual intelligibility between Hokkien dialects varies, but they are still held together by ethnolinguistic identity.[6]
In maritime Southeast Asia, Hokkien historically served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of all dialects and subgroups, and it remains today as the most spoken variety of Chinese in the region, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia. This applied to a lesser extent to mainland Southeast Asia.[13] The Betawi Malay language, spoken by some five million people in and around the Indonesian capital Jakarta, includes numerous Hokkien loanwords due to the significant influence of the Chinese Indonesian diaspora, most of whom are of Hokkien ancestry and origin. Hokkien Kelantan in northern Malaya of Malaysia and Hokaglish spoken sporadically across the Philippines, especially Metro Manila are also mixed languages with Hokkien as the base lexifier.
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