David Sarnoff
David Sarnoff (US: /ˈsɑːrnɔːf/;[4] February 27, 1891 – December 12, 1971) was a Russian[5] and American businessman who played an important role in the American history of radio and television. He led RCA for most of his career in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970.
David Sarnoff
February 27, 1891
December 12, 1971 (aged 80)
1919–1970
- Marconi Wireless Company
- Radio Corporation of America
3, including Robert W. Sarnoff
- Junior Achievement US Business Hall of Fame
- National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame Distinguished Service Award
- Television Hall of Fame posthumously
- Radio Hall of Fame posthumously[1]
- New Jersey Hall of Fame posthumously
"The General"
1941–1945
- Knight of the Cross of Lorraine (France)[3]
- Companion of the Resistance (France)[3]
- Legion of Merit
He headed a conglomerate of telecommunications and media companies, including RCA and NBC, that became one of the largest in the world. Named a Reserve Brigadier General of the Signal Corps in 1945, Sarnoff thereafter was widely known as "The General".[3]
Early life and career[edit]
David Sarnoff was born to a Jewish family in Uzlyany, a small town in Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire[5] (today part of Belarus), the son of Abraham Sarnoff and Leah Privin. Abraham emigrated to the United States and raised funds to bring the family. Sarnoff spent much of his early childhood in a cheder (or yeshiva) studying and memorizing the Torah. He emigrated with his mother and three brothers and one sister to New York City in 1900, where he helped support his family by selling newspapers before and after his classes at the Educational Alliance. In 1906 his father became incapacitated by tuberculosis, and at age 15 Sarnoff went to work to support the family.[6] He had planned to pursue a full-time career in the newspaper business, but a chance encounter led to a position as an office boy at the Commercial Cable Company. When his superior refused him leave for Rosh Hashanah, he joined the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America on September 30, 1906, and started a career of over 60 years in electronic communications.
Over the next 13 years, Sarnoff rose from office boy to commercial manager of the company, learning about the technology and the business of electronic communications on the job and in libraries. He also served at Marconi stations on ships and posts on Siasconset, Nantucket and the New York Wanamaker Department Store. In 1911, he installed and operated the wireless equipment on a ship hunting seals off Newfoundland and Labrador, and used the technology to relay the first remote medical diagnosis from the ship's doctor to a radio operator at Belle Isle with an infected tooth.
The following year, he led two other operators at the Wanamaker station in an effort to confirm the fate of the Titanic.[1] Sarnoff later exaggerated his role as the sole hero who stayed by his telegraph key for three days to receive information on the Titanic's survivors.[6][7] Schwartz questions whether Sarnoff, who was a manager of the telegraphers by the time of the disaster, was working the key although that brushes aside concerns about corporate hierarchy. The event began on a Sunday when the store would have been closed.[8]
Over the next two years Sarnoff earned promotions to chief inspector and contracts manager for a company whose revenues swelled after Congress passed legislation mandating continuous staffing of commercial shipboard radio stations. That same year Marconi won a patent suit that gave it the coastal stations of the United Wireless Telegraph Company. Sarnoff also demonstrated the first use of radio on a railroad line, the Lackawanna Railroad Company's link between Binghamton, New York, and Scranton, Pennsylvania; and permitted and observed Edwin Armstrong's demonstration of his regenerative receiver at the Marconi station at Belmar, New Jersey. Sarnoff used H. J. Round's hydrogen arc transmitter to demonstrate the broadcast of music from the New York Wanamaker station.
This demonstration and the AT&T demonstrations in 1915 of long-distance wireless telephony inspired the first of many memos to his superiors on applications of current and future radio technologies. Sometime late in 1915 or in 1916 he proposed to the company's president, Edward J. Nally, that the company develop a "radio music box" for the "amateur" market of radio enthusiasts.[7][9] Nally deferred on the proposal because of the expanded volume of business during World War I. Throughout the war years, Sarnoff remained Marconi's Commercial Manager,[3] including oversight of the company's factory in Roselle Park, New Jersey.
Family life[edit]
On July 4, 1917, Sarnoff married Lizette Hermant, the daughter of a French-Jewish immigrant family who settled in the Bronx as one of his family's neighbors.[18][3] The Museum of Broadcast Communications describes their 54-year marriage as the bedrock of his life.[6] Lizette was often the first person to hear her husband's new ideas as radio and television became integral to American home life.[3]
The couple had three sons. Eldest son Robert W. Sarnoff (1918–1997)[19] succeeded his father at the helm of RCA in 1970.[20] Robert's third wife was operatic soprano Anna Moffo.[19] Edward Sarnoff, the middle child, headed Fleet Services of New York.[21] Thomas W. Sarnoff, the youngest, was NBC's West Coast President.[22]
Sarnoff was the maternal uncle of screenwriter Richard Baer.[23] Sarnoff was credited with sparking Baer's interest in television.[23] According to Baer's 2005 autobiography, Sarnoff called a vice president at NBC at 6 A.M. and ordered him to find Baer "a job by 9 o'clock" that same morning.[23] The NBC vice president complied with Sarnoff's request.
David Sarnoff was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry[24][25] in the Renovation Lodge No. 97, Albion, NY.[26][27]
Sarnoff museum[edit]
The David Sarnoff Library, a library and museum open to the public containing many historical items from David Sarnoff's life was in Princeton Junction, NJ. The David Sarnoff Library now exists as a virtual museum online. When the Library was operating, The David Sarnoff Radio Club composed of local amateur radio operators used to meet there, as did the New Jersey Antique Radio Club and other community organizations. The exhibits are now on display in Roscoe L. West Hall at The College of New Jersey.
Sarnoff's Law[edit]
In 1999, computer scientist David P. Reed coined Sarnoff's Law, which states that "the value of a network grows in proportion to the number of viewers."[32] Sarnoff's Law, Metcalfe's Law and Reed's Law are frequently used in tandem in discussions of the value of networks.