Katana VentraIP

Edwin Lutyens

Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens OM KCIE PRA FRIBA (/ˈlʌtjənz/ LUT-yənz; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944[2]) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, "In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior".[3] The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as "surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century".[4]

"Lutyens" redirects here. For other uses, see Lutyens (disambiguation).

Sir

Edwin Lutyens

OM KCIE PRA FRIBA

Edwin Landseer Lutyens

(1869-03-29)29 March 1869
Kensington, London, England

1 January 1944(1944-01-01) (aged 74)

Marylebone, London, England[1]

Royal College of Art

Architect

​
​
(m. 1897)​

5, including Robert, Elisabeth and Mary

New Delhi

Lutyens played an instrumental role in the construction of New Delhi, which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India.[5] In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as "Lutyens' Delhi". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan. Many of his works were inspired by Indian architecture.[6][7] He was elected Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1933.[8][9]

Early life[edit]

Lutyens was born in Kensington, London,[10] the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from Killarney, Ireland, and Captain Charles Augustus Henry Lutyens (1829–1915), a soldier and painter.[11][12] His sister, Mary Constance Elphinstone Lutyens (1868–1951), wrote novels under her married name of Mrs George Wemyss.[13] He grew up in Thursley, Surrey. He was named after a friend of his father, the painter and sculptor Edwin Henry Landseer. Lutyens studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London, from 1885 to 1887. After college he joined the Ernest George and Harold Peto architectural practice. It was here that he first met Sir Herbert Baker. For many years he worked from offices at 29 Bloomsbury Square, London.

Barbara Lutyens (1898–1981), second wife of (1892–1941), Minister of Transport.[42]

Euan Wallace

(1901–1971), interior designer. Designed the façade used for over 40 Marks & Spencer stores.[43]

Robert Lutyens

Ursula Lutyens (1904–1967), wife of the . They were the parents of the 4th Viscount Ridley (1925–2012), and of the Cabinet Minister Nicholas Ridley (1929–1993). Nicholas Ridley was the father of Edwin Lutyens' biographer, Jane Ridley.

3rd Viscount Ridley

(1906–1983), a well-known composer. Second marriage to the conductor Edward Clark.[44]

(Agnes) Elisabeth Lutyens

(1908–1999),[45] a writer known for her books about the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.

(Edith Penelope) Mary Lutyens

Lutyens married Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton (1874–1964) on 4 August 1897 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. She was third daughter of Edith (née Villiers) and the 1st Earl of Lytton, a former Viceroy of India. Lady Emily had proposed to Lutyens two years before the wedding, and her parents disapproved of the marriage.[40] Their marriage was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start, with Lady Emily developing interests in theosophy, Eastern religions, and being drawn both emotionally and philosophically to Jiddu Krishnamurti.[41] They had five children:


During the later years of his life, Lutyens suffered with several bouts of pneumonia.

Death[edit]

In the early 1940s he was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 1 January 1944 and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium in north London where he had designed the Philipson Mausoleum in 1914–1916. His ashes were interred in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, beneath a memorial designed by his friend and fellow architect William Curtis Green.

1897: , Surrey

Munstead Wood

1899:

Orchards, Surrey

1900: , Surrey

Goddards

1901: , Surrey

Tigbourne Court

1901: , Sonning, Berkshire

Deanery Garden

1903: , Leicestershire

Papillon Hall, Lubenham

1906: , London

Lincoln's Inn House, 42 Kingsway

1911: in Tavistock Square, London[46]

British Medical Association

1912: , Northiam, East Sussex

Great Dixter

1924-37

Midland Bank, Poultry

1928: , New Delhi

Hyderabad House

1929: , New Delhi

Rashtrapathi Bhavan

1930: , Drewsteignton, Devon

Castle Drogo

1935: , Manchester

The Midland Bank

1936: , New Delhi

Baroda House

1936—1938: , Somme, France

Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial

Goddards, Surrey (1898–1900)

Goddards, Surrey (1898–1900)

Tigbourne Court, Surrey (1899–1901)

Tigbourne Court, Surrey (1899–1901)

Greywalls house, Lothian, Scotland (1901)

Greywalls house, Lothian, Scotland (1901)

Little Thakeham, West Sussex (1902)

Little Thakeham, West Sussex (1902)

Daneshill Brick and Tile Company offices, near Old Basing, Hampshire (1903)[52]

Daneshill Brick and Tile Company offices, near Old Basing, Hampshire (1903)[52]

Country Life Offices, Tavistock Street, London (1905)[53]

Country Life Offices, Tavistock Street, London (1905)[53]

Hestercombe House, Somerset, with Gertrude Jekyll (1904–1906)

Hestercombe House, Somerset, with Gertrude Jekyll (1904–1906)

Heathcote, Ilkley, Yorkshire (1906–1908)

Heathcote, Ilkley, Yorkshire (1906–1908)

Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London (1908–1910)

Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London (1908–1910)

Anglo-Boer War Memorial, Johannesburg (1910)

Anglo-Boer War Memorial, Johannesburg (1910)

Nashdom, Taplow, Buckinghamshire (1908–1911)

Nashdom, Taplow, Buckinghamshire (1908–1911)

British Medical Association, Tavistock Square, London (1911)[46]

British Medical Association, Tavistock Square, London (1911)[46]

Henrietta Barnett School, Hampstead, London (1911)

Henrietta Barnett School, Hampstead, London (1911)

Johannesburg Art Gallery, Klein Street (1910–1915)

Johannesburg Art Gallery, Klein Street (1910–1915)

Abbey House, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria (1914)

Abbey House, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria (1914)

Portico of the British School at Rome (1916)

Portico of the British School at Rome (1916)

Midland Railway War Memorial, Derby (1920)

Midland Railway War Memorial, Derby (1920)

Mells War Memorial, Somerset (1921)

Mells War Memorial, Somerset (1921)

The India Gate, New Delhi (1921)

The India Gate, New Delhi (1921)

Midland Bank, Piccadilly, London (1922–1923)

Midland Bank, Piccadilly, London (1922–1923)

Midland Bank Headquarters, Poultry, London (1924)[54]

Midland Bank Headquarters, Poultry, London (1924)[54]

Victory Square Cenotaph, Vancouver (1924)

Victory Square Cenotaph, Vancouver (1924)

Britannic House, Finsbury Circus, London (1921–1925)

Britannic House, Finsbury Circus, London (1921–1925)

Arch of Remembrance, Leicester (1925)

Arch of Remembrance, Leicester (1925)

Cenotaph, Regina, Saskatchewan (1926)

Cenotaph, Regina, Saskatchewan (1926)

British Ambassador's residence, Washington, D.C. (1928)

British Ambassador's residence, Washington, D.C. (1928)

Hallway in British Ambassador's residence Washington, D.C. (1928)

Hallway in British Ambassador's residence Washington, D.C. (1928)

Tower Hill Memorial, Trinity Square, London (1928)

Tower Hill Memorial, Trinity Square, London (1928)

67–68 Pall Mall, London (1928)[55]

67–68 Pall Mall, London (1928)[55]

Grosvenor House Hotel, Mayfair, London (1929)

Grosvenor House Hotel, Mayfair, London (1929)

Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi (1912–1929)

Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi (1912–1929)

Castle Drogo, Devon (1911–1930)

Castle Drogo, Devon (1911–1930)

Social housing for Grosvenor Estate and Westminster Council, Page Street, London (1928–1930)

Grosvenor estate, Page Street, London (1928-1930). Photo description: The buildings with their chess board facades and the courtyards seen from the street.

Hampton Court Bridge, London (1933)

Hampton Court Bridge, London (1933)

Architectural model of unrealised design for Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral (1933)[56]

Architectural model of unrealised design for Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral (1933)[56]

Crypt of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral 1933–1941, the only part of Lutyens's design built

Crypt of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral 1933–1941, the only part of Lutyens's design built

Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, France (1928–1932)

Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, France (1928–1932)

Broughton memorial lodge, Runnymede, Surrey (1930–1932)[57]

Broughton memorial lodge, Runnymede, Surrey (1930–1932)[57]

St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London (1909–1935)

St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London (1909–1935)

Reuters & Press Association Building, 85 Fleet Street, London (1934–1938)

Reuters & Press Association Building, 85 Fleet Street, London (1934–1938)

Campion Hall, Oxford (1936)

Campion Hall, Oxford (1936)

Irish National War Memorial Gardens, Dublin (1932–1940)

Irish National War Memorial Gardens, Dublin (1932–1940)

Runnymede Bridge, Surrey (opened 1961)[58]

Runnymede Bridge, Surrey (opened 1961)[58]

Tranarossan House, Downings, County Donegal, Ireland

Tranarossan House, Downings, County Donegal, Ireland

Edwin Lutyens & Charles Bressey, The Highway Development Survey, Ministry of Transport, 1937

Edwin Lutyens & Patrick Abercrombie, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull, Brown (London & Hull), 1945.

a contemporary Arts & Crafts architect

Herbert Tudor Buckland

Butterfly plan

History of gardening

(category)

Landscape design history

Hestercombe Gardens

Rosehaugh House

Hopkins, Andrew; , eds. (2002). Lutyens Abroad: the Work of Sir Edwin Lutyens Outside the British Isles. London: British School at Rome. ISBN 0-904152-37-5.

Stamp, Gavin

Petter, Hugh (1992). Lutyens in Italy: The Building of the British School at Rome. London: British School at Rome.  0-904152-21-9.

ISBN

Skelton, Tim; Gliddon, Gerald (2008). Lutyens and the Great War. London: . ISBN 978-0-7112-2878-8.

Frances Lincoln

The Lutyens Trust

Archived 30 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, City Journal, Spring 1998

Jane Ridley, "Architect for the metropolis"

– Ward's Book of Days]

The creations of Sir Edwin Lutyens

– exhibition of Lutyens' cathedral model at the Walker Art Gallery (archived 17 December 2007)

The cathedral that never was

Louvet, Solange; de Givry, Jacques. . – An 1898 house in France designed by Lutyens and its garden designed by Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll.

"The history of the Bois des Moutiers"

on Flickr

Collection of over 2000 photos of Lutyens' work