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Mausoleum

A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.

"Mausolea" redirects here. For the genus of great flowering plants, see Mausolea (plant).

Overview[edit]

The word mausoleum (from the Ancient Greek: μαυσωλεῖον) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.[1]


Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome. When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use.[3]


Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the early modern and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land.


In the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs.

monumental grave of the Moroccan king Mohammed V and his two sons, late King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah, in Rabat, Morocco.

Mausoleum of Mohammed V

monumental grave of Habib Bourguiba, first president of Tunisia, in Monastir, Tunisia.

Bourguiba mausoleum

in Oued Smar, Algeria.

El Alia Cemetery

's mausoleum in Juba, South Sudan.

John Garang De Mabior

dating from ancient Egypt.

Mastabas

's mausoleum in Luanda, Angola.

Agostinho Neto

's mausoleum in Natitingou, Benin.

Mathieu Kerekou

Mausolée du Guide Suprême du Patriotisme in , Burundi.

Gitega

's mausoleum, a replica of the mausoleum of Mohammed V, in Franceville, Gabon.

Omar Bongo

's mausoleum in Libreville, Gabon.

Léon M'ba

in Accra, Ghana.

Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum

's mausoleum at Asomdwee Park in Accra, Ghana.

Atta Mills

military cemetery in Accra, Ghana.

Burma Camp

Mausoleum of , Frederick Chiluba, and Michael Sata at the Embassy Park Presidential Burial in Lusaka, Zambia.

Levy Mwanawasa

burial place and location of Ahmed Abdallah's mausoleum, first president of Comoros.

Domoni

's mausoleum and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's mausoleum in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.

Marien Ngouabi

Mausoleum of , first president of Ivory Coast, in Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast.

Félix Houphouët-Boigny

's mausoleum in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Laurent Kabila

Mausoleum of in Singini, Tshela, Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Joseph Kasa-Vubu

is a shrine and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt, and the burial place of Gamal Abdel Nasser, second president of Egypt.

Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque

The is a pyramid-shaped monument in Nasr City, Egypt.

Unknown Soldier Memorial

monumental grave of the Numidian Berber king Juba II and the Queen Cleopatra Selene II located on the road between Cherchell and Algiers, in Tipaza Province, Algeria.

Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania

is a shrine and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt, and the purported burial place of Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali.

Al-Hussein Mosque

contains the mausoleum of Qalawun in Cairo, Egypt.

Qalawun complex

thirteen ancient monumental Berber mausoleums located south of Tiaret.

Jedars

in Monrovia, Liberia.

Palm Grove Cemetery

mausoleum of the late president William Tubman in Monrovia, Montserrado, Liberia.

National Hall

's family mausoleum in Kara, Togo.

Eyadema

's mausoleum in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Kamuzu Banda

third president of Malawi, built a mausoleum in which his late first wife and Bingu himself are buried.

Bingu wa Mutharika

's grave in the Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Meles Zenawi

Memorial Park in Lobamba, Eswatini.

King Sobhuza II

's mausoleum in Mwalimu Nyerere Museum Centre, Butiama, Tanzania.

Julius Nyerere

in Maputo, Mozambique.

The Heroes Square

's mausoleum in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.

Amilcar Cabral

Mausoleum of , late president of Kenya, in Nairobi, Kenya.

Mzee Jomo Kenyatta

's mausoleum in Bondo, Kenya.

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga

Mausoleum, Rusinga Island, Homa Bay County, Kenya.

Tom Mboya

Camayanne Mausoleum, monumental grave of 's national heroes Samori Ture, Sekou Toure, and Alfa Yaya in the Grand Mosque of Conakry.

Guinea

's mausoleum in Onitsha, Nigeria.

Nnamdi Azikiwe

in Bauchi, Nigeria.

Tafawa Balewa's tomb

in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Mausoleum of Obafemi Awolowo

's mausoleum in Kano, Nigeria.

Sani Abacha

in Harare, Zimbabwe.

National Heroes Acre

in Windhoek, Namibia.

Heroes' Acre

List of types of funerary monument

or mortuary

Morgue

National Cemetery

Ohel (grave)

Sepulchre

Guard mounting

Mausolea and Monuments Trust, gazetteer of mausolea in England

– slideshow at The Huffington Post

Marvelous Mausoleums Around The World

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