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Freedom song

Freedom songs[1][2] were songs which were sung by participants in the civil rights movement. They are also called "civil rights anthems" or, in the case of songs which are more hymn-like, they are called "civil rights hymns."

For other uses, see Freedom Song.

Freedom songs were an important feature of the way of life which existed during the civil rights movement. The songs contained many meanings for all of the participants in the civil rights movement. Songs could embody sadness, happiness, joy, or determination among many other feelings. Freedom songs served as mechanisms for unity in the black community during the movement. The songs also served as a means of communication among the movement's participants when words were not enough. The song "We Shall Overcome" quickly became the unofficial anthem of the movement. Guy Carawan taught the popular freedom song during the spring of 1960 in a workshop held at Highlander Folk School, making the song extremely popular within the community.


Music of the civil rights era was crucial to the productivity of the movement. Music communicated unspeakable feelings and the desire for radical change across the nation. Music strengthened the movement, adding variety to different freedom progression strategies. Music was highly successful in that the songs were direct and repetitive, clearly and efficiently getting the message across. The melodies were simple with repetitious choruses, which allowed easy involvement within both black and white communities, furthering the spread of their message. There was often more singing than talking during protests and demonstrations, showing how powerful the songs really were. Nurturing those who came to participate in the movement was vital, and it would be done with songs. Participants in the movement felt a sense of connectedness with one another and through the songs, they also felt a sense of connectedness with the movement . Politically, freedom songs were often sung in order to grab the attention of the nation and force it to address the severity of racial segregation in the United States.


Frequently, the songs had a Christian background, they were usually based on hymns. The words of hymns were slightly altered so their wording could be incorporated into civil rights protests, and reflect current situations as they were sung outside churches, particularly in the streets. Although most freedom songs were derived from hymns, some freedom songs were also derived from other genres. In order to accommodate people who were not very religious, rock and roll songs were altered and turned into freedom songs, this allowed a large number of activists to partake in the singing.


In several cases, these songs began as gospel songs or spirituals, the most famous of these songs were "We Shall Overcome,"[3] "Keep Your Eyes on the Prize", "This Little Light of Mine", and "Go Tell it on the Mountain".[4]


Nina Simone and other professional artists are also known for either writing or singing such songs. Two of these songs are:


Activist Fannie Lou Hamer is known for singing songs at marches or other types of protests, particularly "This Little Light of Mine." Zilphia Horton also played a role in the conversion of spirituals to civil rights songs.

"": Composed and performed by Sam Cooke; #12 on the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list of Rolling Stone magazine

A Change Is Gonna Come (song)

"": a spiritual dating back to slavery times

Oh, Freedom

"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"

"Certainly Lord": based on a spiritual

: Based on a spiritual

"Hold On" (also known as "Keep Your Eye On The Prize")

"How I Got Over"

"I Love Everybody", the most important song in the civil rights movement according to SCLC's and Andrew Young, sometimes sung for an hour at a time.

James Bevel

"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus": Adapted from a composition by Chico Neblett

"": Adapted from a Spiritual

I'm Gonna Sit at the Welcome Table

"I Woke Up This Mornin'": Adapted from a Spiritual

"": Composed by James Weldon Johnson

Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing

"": Originally a spiritual, associated with Fannie Lou Hamer.[5]

This Little Light of Mine

"": Also, likely originally, a labor union song.

We shall not be moved

"": A labor union song by Pete Seeger and Lee Hays.

If I had a hammer

"Hymn to Freedom": Composed and performed by Oscar Peterson

Some 100 or so songs were commonly sung during the Civil Rights Movement protests which occurred during the 1960s. Some of the best-known or the most-influential songs are:

Civil rights movement in popular culture

(2009), a documentary which focuses on some of the songs sung during the civil rights movement.

Soundtrack for a Revolution

Music in the movement against apartheid

"," a significant anti-racist protest song from the 1930s

Strange Fruit

Everybody Says Freedom, by Pete Seeger & Bob Reiser. Norton, 1989

When the Spirit Says Sing! The Role of Freedom Songs in the Civil Rights Movement, by Kerran Sanger. Taylor & Francis Inc, 1995

Sing for Freedom: the Story of the Civil Rights Movement Through its Songs, by Guy and Candie Carawan, Sing Out Corporation 1990

Goertzen, Chris. "Freedom Songs." Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art. Ed. Charlie T. McCormick and Kim Kennedy White. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 586–588. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 13 May 2014.

– University of Illinois

The Songs

History Now

"People Get Ready": Music and the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s

PBS

Coco Jams

About.com Top 10 Civil Rights Songs

~ Civil Rights Movement Archive

The Power of Freedom Songs

– A collection of 150 songs that were either sung during the movement or, afterwards, inspired by the movement. This list was produced by NPR Music to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Movement.

The Mix: Songs Inspired By The Civil Rights Movement