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Gangrene

Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.[4] Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness.[1] The feet and hands are most commonly affected.[1] If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis.[1]

For other uses, see Gangrene (disambiguation).

Gangrene

Gangrenous necrosis

Infectious disease, surgery, podiatry

Change in skin color to red or black, numbness, pain, skin breakdown, coolness[1]

Sepsis, amputation[1][2]

Dry, wet, gas, internal, necrotizing fasciitis[3]

Diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, major trauma, alcoholism, plague, HIV/AIDS, frostbite, Raynaud's syndrome[3][4]

Based on symptom, With medical imaging used to identify the underlying cause.

Depends on underlying cause[5]

Variable

Unknown[2]

Risk factors include diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, major trauma, alcoholism, HIV/AIDS, frostbite, influenza, dengue fever, malaria, chickenpox, plague, hypernatremia, radiation injuries, meningococcal disease, Group B streptococcal infection and Raynaud's syndrome.[3][4] It can be classified as dry gangrene, wet gangrene, gas gangrene, internal gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis.[3] The diagnosis of gangrene is based on symptoms and supported by tests such as medical imaging.[6]


Treatment may involve surgery to remove the dead tissue, antibiotics to treat any infection, and efforts to address the underlying cause.[5] Surgical efforts may include debridement, amputation, or the use of maggot therapy.[5] Efforts to treat the underlying cause may include bypass surgery or angioplasty.[5] In certain cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be useful.[5] How commonly the condition occurs is unknown.[2]

also known as hemolytic streptococcal gangrene, is a very rare infection that spreads deep into the body along tissue planes. It is characterized by infection with S. pyogenes, a gram-positive cocci bacteria.[21]

Necrotizing fasciitis

is a gangrene of the face most often found in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America.[22]

Noma

is a type of necrotizing fasciitis that usually affects the genitals and groin.[23]

Fournier gangrene

Venous limb gangrene may be caused by .[24]

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

Severe may result in gangrene of the small intestine.

mesenteric ischemia

Severe may result in gangrene of the large intestine.

ischemic colitis

Etymology[edit]

The etymology of gangrene derives from the Latin word gangraena and from the Greek gangraina (γάγγραινα), which means "putrefaction of tissues".[40]

Media related to Gangrene at Wikimedia Commons