Katana VentraIP

History of Morocco

The history of human habitation in Morocco spans since the Lower Paleolithic, with the earliest known being Jebel Irhoud. Much later Morocco was part of Iberomaurusian culture, including Taforalt. It dates from the establishment of Mauretania and other ancient Berber kingdoms, to the establishment of the Moroccan state by the Idrisid dynasty[1] followed by other Islamic dynasties, through to the colonial and independence periods.

Archaeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited by hominids at least 400,000 years ago.[2] The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Phoenician colonization of the Moroccan coast between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE,[3] although the area was inhabited by indigenous Berbers for some two thousand years before that. In the 5th century BCE, the city-state of Carthage extended its hegemony over the coastal areas.[4] They remained there until the late 3rd century BCE,[5] while the hinterland was ruled by indigenous monarchs.[4] Indigenous Berber monarchs ruled the territory from the 3rd century BCE until 40 CE, when it was annexed to the Roman Empire. In the mid-5th century CE, it was overrun by Vandals, before being recovered by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century.


The region was conquered by the Muslims in the early 8th century CE, but broke away from the Umayyad Caliphate after the Berber Revolt of 740. Half a century later, the Moroccan state was established by the Idrisid dynasty.[6][1] The Saadi dynasty ruled the country from 1549 to 1659, followed by the Alawis from 1667 onwards, who have since been the ruling dynasty of Morocco.[7][8][9]

The assassination of Émile Mauchamp March 1907, which precipitated the French invasion of Oujda and the conquest of Morocco.

The assassination of Émile Mauchamp March 1907, which precipitated the French invasion of Oujda and the conquest of Morocco.

Uprisings in Casablanca in July 1907 over the application terms of the Treaty of Algeciras led to the Bombardment of Casablanca.

Uprisings in Casablanca in July 1907 over the application terms of the Treaty of Algeciras led to the Bombardment of Casablanca.

Destruction of Casablanca caused by the 1907 French bombardment.

Destruction of Casablanca caused by the 1907 French bombardment.

French artillery in Rabat in 1911. The dispatch of French forces to protect the sultan from a rebellion instigated the Agadir Crisis.

French artillery in Rabat in 1911. The dispatch of French forces to protect the sultan from a rebellion instigated the Agadir Crisis.

Destruction after the Intifada of Fes was quelled by French artillery fire.[143]

Destruction after the Intifada of Fes was quelled by French artillery fire.[143]

History of North Africa

Imperial cities of Morocco

List of Kings of Morocco

Politics of Morocco

history

Timeline of Morocco

Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period, Cambridge University Press, 1987.  9780521337670.

ISBN

Chandler, James A. "Spain and Her Moroccan Protectorate, 1898–1927," Journal of Contemporary History 10 (April 1975): 301–22.

Pennell, C. R. Morocco Since 1830: A History, New York University Press, 2000.  9780814766774

ISBN

Pennell, C. R. Morocco: From Empire to Independence, Oneworld Publications, 2013.  9781780744551 (preview)

ISBN

Stenner, David. Globalizing Morocco: Transnational Activism and the Postcolonial State (Stanford UP, 2019).

online review

Terrasse, Henri. History of Morocco, Éd. Atlantides, 1952.

Woolman, David. Rebels in the Rif: Abd-el-Krim and the Rif Rebellion (Stanford UP, 1967)

Yolanda Aixelà-Cabré. Spain's African Colonial Legacies: Morocco and Equatorial Guinea Compared (Brill, 2022)

online review

A short history of Morocco

: Moroccan crises, 1903–1914

Early Twentiethth Century Timelines

The History of Morocco

Historical map of Morocco – c. 1600

Z. Brakez et al.

"Human mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Moroccan population of the Souss area"