History of antisemitism
The history of antisemitism, defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group, goes back many centuries, with antisemitism being called "the longest hatred".[1] Jerome Chanes identifies six stages in the historical development of antisemitism:[2]
"Anti-Semitism in the 21st century" redirects here. For the documentary film, see Anti-Semitism in the 21st Century: The Resurgence.Chanes suggests that these six stages could be merged into three categories: "ancient antisemitism, which was primarily ethnic in nature; Christian antisemitism, which was religious; and the racial antisemitism of the 19th and 20th centuries".[2] In practice, it is difficult to differentiate antisemitism from the general ill-treatment of nations by other nations before the Roman period, but since the adoption of Christianity in Europe, antisemitism has undoubtedly been present. The Islamic world has also historically seen the Jews as outsiders. The coming of the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions in 19th-century Europe bred a new manifestation of antisemitism, based as much upon race as upon religion, which culminated in the Holocaust that occurred during World War II. The formation of the state of Israel in 1948 caused new antisemitic tensions in the Middle East.
Jesus speaking to a group of : "I know that you are descendants of Abraham; yet you seek to kill me, because my word finds no place in you ... You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and has nothing to do with the truth, because there is no truth in him." (John 8:37–39, 44–47, RSV)
Pharisees
After washes his hands and declares himself innocent of Jesus' blood, the Jewish crowd answers him, "His blood be on us and on our children!" (Matthew 27:25, RSV). In an essay regarding antisemitism, biblical scholar Amy-Jill Levine argues that this passage has caused more Jewish suffering throughout history than any other passage in the New Testament.[27]
Pilate
speaking before a synagogue council just before his execution: "You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you. Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who announced beforehand the coming of the Righteous One, whom you have now betrayed and murdered, you who received the law as delivered by angels and did not keep it." (Acts 7:51–53, RSV)
Saint Stephen
Timeline of antisemitism
Antisemitism in the Arab world
Antisemitism in Christianity
Antisemitism in Europe
The Holocaust
Antisemitism in Islam
Antisemitism in Russia
Antisemitism in the Russian Empire
Antisemitism in the United Kingdom
History of the Jews in the United Kingdom
Antisemitism in the United States
History of antisemitism in the United States
Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
History of the Jews in Poland
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
Jewish refugees
Racial antisemitism
Religious antisemitism
Abella, Irving M and Troper, Harold M. None is too many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933–1948. 0-88619-064-9
ISBN
Bernstein, David L. Woke Antisemitism: How a Progressive Ideology Harms Jews (2022)
, ed. (2020). "Antisemitism in Global History – Antisemitism Uncovered: A Guide to Old Myths in a New Era". Adl.org. New York City: Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
Greenblatt, Jonathan
Exposition at Florida Holocaust Museum
Antisemitism through the Ages
Anti-Semitism: What Is It?
Anti-Semitism & Responses
Internet Medieval Sourcebook: Anti-Semitism
Never Again: The Holocaust Timeline
Shneiderman, S.L. . The New York Times Book Review. Archived from the original on 14 September 2001. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
"Yiddish in the USSR"
Solomon Mikhoels
MidEastWeb: Israel-Arab Conflict Timeline
Islamic Antisemitism And Its Nazi Roots
United Nations and Israel
The U.N.'s Dirty Little Secret
Anti-Semitism in the United Nations
20th century departures from Middle East
The Forgotten Jewish Exodus: Mizrahi Timeline
Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism
Jerusalem, June 1995
Materials for the International Conference The "Other" as Threat: Demonization and Antisemitism
as the SWC Museum of Tolerance