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Imbros

Imbros (Greek: Ίμβρος, romanizedÍmvros;[2] Turkish: İmroz; Ottoman Turkish: ايمروز), officially Gökçeada (lit.'Heavenly Island') since 29 July 1970,[3][4] is the largest island of Turkey, located in Çanakkale Province. It is located in the north-northeastern Aegean Sea, at the entrance of Saros Bay, and has the westernmost point of Turkey (Cape İncirburnu). Imbros has an area of 286.8 km2 (110.7 sq mi),[5] and has some wooded areas.[6]

This article is about the island. For other uses, see Imbros (disambiguation).

Native name:
Gökçeada
İmroz

286.8 km2 (110.7 sq mi)

673 m (2208 ft)

İlyas Dağ (Προφήτης Ηλίας Profitis Ilias)

10,348 (2022)[1]

As of 2022, the island-district of Gökçeada has a population of 10,348.[1] The main industries of Imbros are fishing and tourism. By the end of the 20th century, the island was predominantly inhabited by settlers from the Turkish mainland that mostly arrived after 1960,[7] with the indigenous Greek population having declined to about 300 persons by the start of the 21st century.[8]


Historically, the island was primarily inhabited by ethnic Greeks[3] since the Iron Age until approximately the 1960s, when many were forced to emigrate to Greece as well as to Western Europe, the United States and Australia, due to a campaign of discrimination and ethnic cleansing sponsored by the governments of İsmet İnönü.[3][8][9][10] The Greek Imbriot diaspora is thought to number around 15,000 globally and in Turkey, and has a strong special Imbrian identity.[8][7] The 2010s saw a tentative revitalisation of the island's remaining Greek community.[11]

History[edit]

In mythology[edit]

According to Greek mythology, the palace of Thetis, mother of Achilles, king of Phthia, was situated between Imbros and Samothrace.

Aydıncık/Kefaloz (Kefalos) beach: Best location for windsurfing

Kapıkaya (Stenos) beach:

Kaşkaval peninsula / (Kaskaval): Scuba diving

Kuzulimanı (Haghios Kyrikas): Ferryport with 24-hour ferries to –Kabatepe port and Çanakkale port.

Gelibolu

Mavikoy/Bluebay: The first national in Turkey.[58] Scuba diving allowed for recreational purposes.

underwater park

Marmaros beach: Also has a small waterfall.

Pınarbaşı (Spilya) beach: Longest (and most sandy) beach on the island.

Environment[edit]

Gökçeada (imroz) sheep[edit]

This ancient native breed of sheep is named after the island where it was established. The sheep is suitable for milk and meat. Outside the island, it is still farmed in Çanakkale.[59][60][61]

Marine[edit]

Water from the Black and Marmara Seas mixing with the warmer saltier water of the Aegean Sea supports a rich marine ecosystem.[62]

Wind[edit]

Offshore[63] wind power may be developed in future. At the moment, there are some wind turbines generating energy on the island.

Issues[edit]

Environmental issues include litter.

Economy[edit]

Swordfish are caught in season.[62]

In 1923, Turkey dismissed the elected government of the island, and installed mainlanders. 1,500 Imbriots who had taken refuge from the on Lemnos and in Thessalonica were denied the right to return, as undesirables and their property was confiscated.[65]

Turkish War of Independence

In 1927, the system of local administration on Imbros was abolished, and the Greek schools closed. In 1952–3, the Greek Imbriots were permitted to build new ones, closed again in 1964.

[66]

In 1943, Turkey arrested the Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos with other Orthodox clerics. They also confiscated the lands on Imbros belonging to the monasteries of and Koutloumousiou on Mount Athos, expelled the tenants, and installed settlers; when the Mayor of Imbros and four village elders protested, they were arrested and sent to the mainland.

Great Lavra

Between 1964 and 1984, almost all the usable land on Imbros had been expropriated, for inadequate compensation, for an army camp, a minimum-security prison, reforestation projects, a dam project, and a national park.

[66]

Nicholas Palaiopoulos, a town councilor, was arrested and imprisoned in 1962 for complaining to the Greek Ambassador on the latter's visit to Imbros; he, together with the Mayor of Imbros and 20 others, was imprisoned again in 1974.

[67]

The old Cathedral at Kastro (Kaleköy) was desecrated on the night of the Turkish landing on Cyprus in 1974; the present Cathedral was looted in March 1993; criminal activities have included a number of rapes and murders, officially blamed on convicts and soldiers, but none of them has been solved.

Through the latter half of the 20th century, the Turkish government implemented a program to settle from Anatolia [68] on Imbros and Tenedos (Bozcaada).[8]

Turkish people

On 28 October 2010, the Greek cemetery of the island was , an action condemned by the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[69]

desecrated

Treaty of Lausanne

Greco-Turkish relations

Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul

Treaty of Sèvres

Tenedos

The struggle for justice : 1923–1993 : 70 years of Turkish provocation and violations of the Treaty of Lausanne : a chronicle of human rights violations; Citizen's Association of Constantinople-Imvros-Tenedos-Eastern Thrace of Thrace. Komotini (1993)

"Greeks look to revive identity on Gökçeada" in , 22 August 2011.

Hürriyet Daily News

presented to the II. National Symposium on the Aegean Islands, 2–3 July 2004, Gökçeada, Çanakkale.

Papers

Αλεξάνδρου, Δημήτρης (2002). Ίμβριοι-Τενέδιοι ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΞΕΧΑΣΑΜΕ. Ερωδιός.  978-960-7942-37-1.

ISBN

(in Turkish)

Official website of the Gökçeada District

(in Turkish)

Official website of the Gökçeada Municipality

(in Turkish)

Gökçeada Airport

(in English)

Gökçeada Rehberim / Imbros Guide

video of the book İmroz Rumları / Gökçeada Üzerine, a film directed by Yannis Katomeris, ISBN 978-605-5419-75-2

The Greeks of Imbros