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J. Edgar Hoover

John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an American law-enforcement administrator who served as the final Director of the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) and the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). President Calvin Coolidge first appointed Hoover as director of the BOI, the predecessor to the FBI, in 1924. After 11 years in the post, Hoover became instrumental in founding the FBI in June 1935, where he remained as director for an additional 37 years until his death in May 1972 – serving a total of 48 years leading both the BOI and the FBI and under eight Presidents.

J. Edgar Hoover.

Clyde Tolson

Himself (as Director of the Bureau of Investigation)

Clyde Tolson (acting)

Clyde Tolson

William J. Burns

Himself (as Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation)

Clyde Tolson

John Edgar Hoover

(1895-01-01)January 1, 1895
Washington, D.C., U.S.

May 2, 1972(1972-05-02) (aged 77)
Washington, D.C., U.S.

Congressional Cemetery

Independent[1]

George Washington University (LLB, LLM)

Hoover expanded the FBI into a larger crime-fighting agency and instituted a number of modernizations to policing technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories. Hoover also established and expanded a national blacklist, referred to as the FBI Index or Index List.


Later in life and after his death, Hoover became a controversial figure as evidence of his secretive abuses of power began to surface. He was also found to have routinely violated both the FBI's own policies and the very laws which the FBI was charged with enforcing, and to have collected evidence using illegal surveillance, wiretapping, and burglaries.[2][3] Hoover consequently amassed a great deal of power and was able to intimidate and threaten political figures, including high-ranking ones.[4][5]

Hoover, J. Edgar (1938). . Gaunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56169-340-5.

Persons in Hiding

Hoover, J. Edgar (February 1947). "Red Fascism in the United States Today". .

The American Magazine

Hoover, J. Edgar (1958). . Holt Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-1-4254-8258-9.[158]

Masters of Deceit: The Story of Communism in America and How to Fight It

Hoover, J. Edgar (1962). . Holt Rinehart & Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-031190-1.

A Study of Communism

J. Edgar Hoover was the nominal author of a number of books and articles, although it is widely believed that all of these were ghostwritten by FBI employees.[155][156][157] Hoover received the credit and royalties.

1938: awarded Hoover an honorary doctorate during commencement exercises, at which he spoke.[159][160]

Oklahoma Baptist University

1939: the awarded Hoover its Public Welfare Medal.[161]

National Academy of Sciences

1950: appointed Hoover Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[162]

King George VI of the United Kingdom

1955: President Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded Hoover the .[163]

National Security Medal

1966: President Lyndon B. Johnson bestowed the State Department's on Hoover for his service as director of the FBI.

Distinguished Service Award

1973: The newly built FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C., was named the J. Edgar Hoover Building.

1974: Congress voted to honor Hoover's memory by publishing a memorial book, J. Edgar Hoover: Memorial Tributes in the Congress of the United States and Various Articles and Editorials Relating to His Life and Work.

1974: In , a grade school was named after J. Edgar Hoover. However, in 1994, after information about Hoover's illegal activities was released, the school's name was changed to commemorate Herbert Hoover instead.[164]

Schaumburg, Illinois

Hoover portrayed himself (filmed from behind) in a cameo, addressing FBI agents in the 1959 film .

The FBI Story

Dorothi Fox "portrayed" Hoover in disguise in the 1971 film .

Bananas

and James Wainwright in the Larry Cohen film The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977).

Broderick Crawford

in the television miniseries King (1978).

Dolph Sweet

in the William Friedkin film The Brink's Job (1978).[165]

Sheldon Leonard

in the television film Blood Feud (1983).

Ernest Borgnine

in the television miniseries Kennedy (1983).

Vincent Gardenia

in the television film Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987).

Jack Warden

in the television film J. Edgar Hoover (1987).

Treat Williams

in the film Chaplin (1992).

Kevin Dunn

in the television film Citizen Cohn (1992).

Pat Hingle

in the television film Marilyn & Bobby: Her Final Affair (1993)

Richard Dysart

portrayed Hoover, with John Goodman as Tolson, in the Harry Shearer comic musical J. Edgar! at The Guest Quarters Suite Hotel in Santa Monica (1994).[166]

Kelsey Grammer

Richard Dysart in the theatrical film (1995).

Panther

in the Oliver Stone drama Nixon (1995).

Bob Hoskins

in two episodes of Dark Skies (1996) and (1997).[167][168]

Wayne Tippit

David Fredericks in the episodes "" (1996) and "Travelers" (1998) of The X-Files.

Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man

David Fredericks in the episode "" (1999) of Millennium.

Matryoshka

in the theatrical film Hoover (2000).

Ernest Borgnine

in the Robert Dyke film Timequest (2002).

Larry Drake

voiced him in the Bethesda Softworks game Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth (2005).

Ryan Drummond

in the Michael Mann film Public Enemies (2009).

Billy Crudup

in the television miniseries The Kennedys (2011).

Enrico Colantoni

in the Clint Eastwood biopic J. Edgar (2011).

Leonardo DiCaprio

William Harrison-Wallace in the 2012 screen adaptation of Stephen King's short story, "The Death of Jack Hamilton" (2001).[169]

Dollar Baby

in the "Atlanta" (2013) episode of Comedy Central's Drunk History.[170]

Rob Riggle

in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, season 4 (2013).[171]

Eric Ladin

in Robert Schenkkan's play All the Way at the American Repertory Theater (2013).

Michael McKean

Sean McNall in the movie (2014).[172]

No God, No Master

in Ava DuVernay's Martin Luther King Jr. biopic Selma (2014).

Dylan Baker

in the HBO television film All the Way (2016).

Stephen Root

in the National Geographic television series Genius (2017).

T. R. Knight

in the Amazon television series The Man in the High Castle (2018).

William Forsythe

in the film Bad Times at the El Royale (2018)

Stephen Stanton

in the film Judas and the Black Messiah (2021).

Martin Sheen

Giacomo Baessato in the television series Legends of Tomorrow (2021).

CW

Hoover has been portrayed by numerous actors in films and stage productions featuring him as FBI Director. The first known portrayal was by Kent Rogers in the 1941 Looney Tunes short "Hollywood Steps Out". Some notable portrayals (listed chronologically) include:

Deep state in the United States

G-Man

Harry J. Anslinger

Helen Gandy

McCarthyism

Adams, Cecil (December 6, 2002). . The Straight Dope.

"Was J. Edgar Hoover a crossdresser?"

Caballero, Raymond. McCarthyism vs. Clinton Jencks. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019.

Cecil, Matthew (2016). Branding Hoover's FBI: How the Boss's PR Men Sold the Bureau to America. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2016.

DeLoach, Cartha D. (1995). Hoover's FBI: The Inside Story by Hoover's Trusted Lieutenant. Regnery Publishing, Inc.  9780895264794.

ISBN

Elias, Christopher (September 2, 2015). . Slate.

"A Lavender Reading of J. Edgar Hoover"

Gage, Beverly (2022). . New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670025374. OCLC 1343299496.

G-Man: J. Edgar Hoover and the Making of the American Century

Lindorff, Dave (January 4, 2022). . The Nation: 26–31. Retrieved January 26, 2022.

"Brothers Against the Bureau"

Martin, Lerone A. (Feb. 2023) The Gospel of J. Edgar Hoover: How the FBI Aided and Abetted the Rise of White Christian Nationalism

[1][2][3] ISBN 9780691175119[4]

at Project Gutenberg

Works by J. Edgar Hoover

at Internet Archive

Works by or about J. Edgar Hoover

at IMDb

J. Edgar Hoover

on C-SPAN

Appearances

Assassination Records Review Board Staff (September 1998). .

Final Report of the Assassination Records Review Board

. Archived from the original on April 13, 2011.

"FBI file on J. Edgar Hoover"

. Zpub.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2008.

"J. Edgar Hoover Biography"