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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

The Kingdom of Israel (Biblical Hebrew: מַמְלֶכֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, romanized: Mamleḵeṯ Yīśrāʾēl), or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.[2] The kingdom controlled the areas of Samaria, Galilee and parts of Transjordan. The regions of Samaria and Galilee underwent a period with large number of settlements during the 10th century BCE,[3] with the capital in Shechem, and then in Tirzah. The kingdom was ruled by the Omride dynasty in the 9th century BCE, whose political center was the city of Samaria.

This article is about the historical Kingdom of Israel, that lay to the north of the Kingdom of Judah. For the Biblical, unified monarchy, see Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy). For other uses, see Kingdom of Israel.

Kingdom of Israel
𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋[1]

Kingdom

Biblical Hebrew, Israelian Hebrew

Monarchy

 

Jeroboam I (first)

Hoshea (last)

Iron Age

c. 930 BCE

c. 720 BCE

The Hebrew Bible depicts the Kingdom of Israel, also known as the Kingdom of Samaria, as one of two successor states to the United Kingdom of Israel ruled by King David and his son Solomon, the other being the Kingdom of Judah to the south. Many historians and archaeologists, however, reject the historicity of a United Kingdom as depicted in the Bible.[Notes 1]


The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 720 BCE.[4] The records of Sargon II of Assyria indicate that he deported 27,290 Israelites – around one fifth of the population of the Kingdom of Israel[5] – to Mesopotamia;[6] this deportation became the basis for the Jewish idea of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. Some Israelites migrated to the southern kingdom of Judah,[7] while those Israelites that remained in Samaria, concentrated mainly around Mount Gerizim, came to be known as Samaritans.[8][9] Foreign groups were also settled by the Assyrians in the territories of the conquered kingdom.[9]

Davies, Philip (2015). . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-65582-0.

The History of Ancient Israel

Dever, William (2017). . SBL Press. ISBN 978-0-88414-217-1.

Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and Judah

Hasegawa, Shuichi; Levin, Christoph; Radner, Karen, eds. (2018). . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-056660-4.

The Last Days of the Kingdom of Israel

Mazar, Amihai (2010). . In Kratz, Reinhard G.; Spieckermann, Hermann (eds.). One God – One Cult – One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022358-3.

"Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy"

Roberts, J. J. M. (2016). . In Niditch, Susan (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Ancient Israel. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 197–212. ISBN 978-0-470-65677-8.

"The Divided Monarchy"

Sergi, Omer (2023). . SBL Press. ISBN 978-1-62837-345-5.

The Two Houses of Israel: State Formation and the Origins of Pan-Israelite Identity

Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; Hillel, Jossi; Feldman, Marcus W.; Oefner, Peter J. (2004). . Human Mutation. 24 (3): 248–260. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. ISSN 1059-7794. PMID 15300852. S2CID 1571356.

"Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation"

About Israel - The Information Center About Israel

Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Jewish History Resource Center

A synchronized chart of the kings of Israel and Judah

Complete Bible Genealogy