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Latino-Faliscan languages

The Latino-Faliscan or Latinian languages form a group of the Italic languages within the Indo-European family. They were spoken by the Latino-Faliscan people of Italy who lived there from the early 1st millennium BCE.

Latino-Faliscan

Originally Latium in Italy, then throughout the Roman Empire, especially in the western regions; now also throughout Latin America, Eastern Canada, and many countries in Africa

Indo-European

Proto-Latino-Faliscan

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Latin and Faliscan belong to the group, as well as two others often considered dialects of archaic Latin: Lanuvian and Praenestine.


As the power of Ancient Rome grew, Latin absorbed elements of the other languages and replaced Faliscan. The other variants went extinct as Latin became dominant. Latin in turn developed via Vulgar Latin into the Romance languages, now spoken by more than 800 million people, largely as a result of the influence of the Spanish, French and Portuguese Empires.

The late Indo-European diphthong /*eu/ have evolved into ou.

[1]

The late Indo-European /*ə/ from vocalic laryngeals have evolved into a.

[2]

The Indo-European syllabic liquids /*l̥, *r̥/ have developed an epenthetic vowel o, giving Italic ol, or.

[3]

The Indo-European syllabic nasals /*m̥, *n̥/ have developed an epenthetic vowel e, giving Italic em, en.

[4]

They fricativised word-initial aspirated stops from Indo-European: /*bʰ, *dʰ, *gʰ, gʷʰ / > f, f, h, f.

[5]

They assimilated the sequence /*p...kʷ/ into kʷ...kʷ (Proto-Indo-European *penkʷe 'five' > Latin quinque).

[6]

Italic peoples

[in Italian] (1997). Gli Indoeuropei e le origini dell'Europa [Indo-Europeans and the origins of Europe] (in Italian). Bologna, Il Mulino: Il mulino. ISBN 88-15-05708-0.

Villar, Francisco

Vineis, Edoardo (1995). "X. Latin". In Giacolone Ramat, Anna; Ramat, Paolo (eds.). Las lenguas indoeuropeas [The Indo-European languages] (in Spanish). Madrid: Cátedra. pp. 349–421.  84-376-1348-5.

ISBN

Bakkum, Gabriël C.L.M. (2008). . Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5629-562-2.

The Latin Dialect of the Ager Faliscus : 150 Years of Scholarship

. 2002. The foundations of Latin. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Baldi, Philip

Clackson, James, and Geoffrey Horrocks. 2007. The Blackwell history of the Latin language. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Giacomelli, Roberto. 1979. "Written and spoken language in latin-faliscan and greek-messapic." Journal of Indo-European Studies 7 no. 3–4: 149–75.

Mercado, Angelo. 2012. Italic Verse: A Study of the Poetic Remains of Old Latin, Faliscan, and Sabellic. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck.

Palmer, Leonard R. 1961. The Latin language. London: Faber and Faber.

Joseph, Brian D., and . 1991. "Is faliscan a local latin patois?" Diachronica: International Journal for Historical Linguistics/Revue Internationale Pour La Linguistique Historiqu 8, no. 2: 159–86.

Rex E. Wallace

Rigobianco, Luca. 2019. Faliscan. Language, Writing, Epigraphy. Aelaw Booklet 7. Zaragoza.

Rigobianco, Luca. 2020. «», Palaeohispanica 20: 299–333.

Falisco

"", Project fund by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (P.R.I.N. 2017)

Languages and Cultures of Ancient Italy. Historical Linguistics and Digital Models