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Los Alamos, New Mexico

Los Alamos (Spanish: Los Álamos, meaning The Cottonwoods) is a census-designated place in Los Alamos County, New Mexico, United States, that is recognized as one of the development and creation places of the atomic bomb—the primary objective of the Manhattan Project by Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II. The town is located on four mesas of the Pajarito Plateau, and had a population of about 13,200 as of 2020.[3] It is the county seat and one of two population centers in the county known as census-designated places (CDPs); the other is White Rock.

For other places named Los Alamos, see Los Alamos (disambiguation) and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Los Alamos, New Mexico

11.11 sq mi (28.77 km2)

11.11 sq mi (28.77 km2)

0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)

7,320 ft (2,231 m)

13,179

1,186.44/sq mi (458.09/km2)

UTC−6 (MDT)

87544, 87547

35-42320

0901357

Toponym[edit]

Los Alamos is a Spanish place name that typically refers to poplar or cottonwood trees. Alternatively, Los Alamos could refer to the large groves of aspen trees (alamo temblon) that intersperse the coniferous forest on the mountainsides above the townsite, where they are distinctly visible during the autumn months due to their spectacular autumn colors.[4][5]

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Demographics[edit]

2020 census[edit]

The 2020 United States census counted 13,179 people, 5,653 households, and 3,522 families in Los Alamos.[31][32] The population density was 1,186.4 per square mile (458.1/km2). There were 6,026 housing units at an average density of 542.5 per square mile (209.5/km2).[32][33] The racial makeup was 73.15% (9,640) white or European American (67.79% non-Hispanic white), 0.99% (131) black or African-American, 0.74% (98) Native American or Alaska Native, 7.96% (1,049) Asian, 0.09% (12) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 3.95% (520) from other races, and 13.12% (1,729) from two or more races.[34] Hispanic or Latino of any race was 17.35% (2,287) of the population.[35]


Of the 5,653 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18; 50.4% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.4% of households consisted of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[32] The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9.[36] The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 50.6% of the population.[37]


22.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males.[32] For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 97.6 males.[32]


The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $114,034 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,349) and the median family income was $139,184 (+/- $15,168).[38] Males had a median income of $83,875 (+/- $7,095) versus $57,000 (+/- $11,331) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $72,606 (+/- $8,291).[39] Approximately, 3.2% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those ages 65 or over.[40][41]

2010 census[edit]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 12,019 people with a population density of 1,078.7 inhabitants per square mile (416.5/km2).[42] The median age is 40 years. 24.8% of the people are under the age of 18, 4.8% are ages 18 to 24, 29.2% are ages 25 to 44, 28.2% are ages 45 to 64, and 12.9% are ages 65 years or older. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males.

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City and regional partnerships[edit]

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physicist and constructor of the first nuclear chain reaction leading to the development of the bomb.

Leona Woods

physicist and third director of Los Alamos National Laboratory (1970-1979)

Harold Agnew

nuclear physicist

Luis Alvarez

nuclear physicist

Robert Bacher

German-American nuclear physicist, awarded 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics

Hans Bethe

physicist and second director of Los Alamos National Laboratory (1945-1970). He remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.

Norris Bradbury

British physicist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovery of the neutron.

James Chadwick

mathematical physicist. Returned to Los Alamos in 1961 and remained there for the rest of his life.

Charles Critchfield

physicist, died from radiation poisoning at Los Alamos in September 1945.

Harry Daghlian

Italian-American theoretical and experimental physicist, has been called "architect of the nuclear age."

Enrico Fermi

nuclear physicist and recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Val Fitch

theoretical physicist, awarded 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Julian Schwinger[45]

Richard Feynman

German theoretical physicist and later atomic spy who supplied information to the Soviet Union.

Klaus Fuchs

chemist and designer of shaped implosive charges. He was also an avid skier who used implosive rings to fell trees for development of the Sawyer's Hill ski area near Los Alamos.

George Kistiakowsky

Canadian mathematician, joined the Manhattan Project in 1945 and was involved with development of thermonuclear weapons. He remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.

J. Carson Mark

physicist and engineer; designer of the air muscle. Remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.

Joseph Laws McKibben

physicist and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Edwin McMillan

theoretical physicist and first director of the Los Alamos Laboratory.

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Navy Captain (later Rear Admiral); Robert Oppenheimer's second in command.

Deak Parsons

theoretical physicist, awarded 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics

Frederick Reines

Italian-American experimental physicist, who developed diagnostic instruments for development of the atomic bomb.

Bruno Rossi

Italian physicist and recipient of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Emilio Segrè

physicist and chemist; died from radiation poisoning at Los Alamos in May 1946.

Louis Slotin

Hungarian-American theoretical physicist sometimes called "father of the hydrogen bomb."

Edward Teller

British physicist specializing in shaped charges. Returned to Los Alamos in 1949, researching thermonuclear fusion for power generation, for which he developed the Perhapsatron. Retired from LANL in 1972 but remained in Los Alamos for the rest of his life.

James L. Tuck

Polish-American mathematician. Remained a consultant with LANL for many years after the Manhattan Project, with a home in nearby Santa Fe for the rest of his life.

Stanislaw Ulam

physicist and a developer of the cyclotron.

Robert R. Wilson

Education[edit]

Los Alamos Public Schools provides public Kindergarten through High School education (5 elementary schools, 1 middle school, and 1 high school: Los Alamos High School[54]). The graduation rate, as of March 6, 2021, is 93.3%, in comparison to New Mexico's 76.9% rate and America's average rate of 85%.[55]


The University of New Mexico also has a branch campus in Los Alamos.

Atomic City Transit

[63]

New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) [64]

Park-and-Ride

[65]

Amtrak Thruway

Health care[edit]

The 47-bed acute-care facility known as Los Alamos Medical Center is the only hospital in Los Alamos and is a LifePoint Health hospital. The hospital provides "complete medical, surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, emergency, and diagnostic services"[66] and employs about 300 Northern New Mexicans.[66]


Medical Associates of Northern New Mexico (MANNM) is a group of medical providers that offers family medicine, internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology, radiology, and endocrinology among its many services.[67]


During the Cold War, workers at LANL were in contact with radiation and other toxins, causing many of these individuals illness. A non-profit organization called Cold War Patriots provides these individuals and their families with information about the healthcare benefits available to them.[68]

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Los Alamos National Laboratory

Bradbury Science Museum

Casa Mesita

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VLBA node[edit]

The radio telescope located in Los Alamos is one of ten dishes composing the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA).

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Sister city[edit]

Los Alamos maintains sister city status with:

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Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos County website

Bradbury Science Museum

Los Alamos History Museum

Historic Fuller Lodge

Los Alamos Nature Center

Los Alamos Chamber of Commerce

Los Alamos MainStreet and Creative District

Visit Los Alamos

Bandelier National Monument

h2g2 article on Los Alamos, New Mexico

Los Alamos-Sarov Sister Cities website

at Curlie

Los Alamos, NM