Luxembourg
Luxembourg (/ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ⓘ LUK-səm-burg;[9] Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] ⓘ; German: Luxemburg [ˈlʊksm̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; French: Luxembourg [lyksɑ̃buʁ] ⓘ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[b] is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg,[10] is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority.[11][12] Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is the only national language of the Luxembourgish people and of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[13][14] French is the only language for legislation, and all three – Luxembourgish, German and French – are used for administrative matters in the country.[13]
This article is about the country. For its capital, see Luxembourg City. For the Belgian province, see Luxembourg (Belgium). For other uses, see Luxembourg (disambiguation).
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg- Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg
(Luxembourgish) - Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
(French) - Großherzogtum Luxemburg
(German)
- Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg
(Luxembourgish) - Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
(French) - Großherzogtum Luxemburg
(German)
National language:
Luxembourgish
Administrative languages:
- 52.8% Luxembourgers
- 14.5% Portuguese
- 7.6% French
- 3.7% Italians
- 21.4% other
- 73.2% Christianity
- 63.8% Catholicism
- 9.4% other Christian
- 73.2% Christianity
- 23.4% no religion
- 3.2% other
9 June 1815
19 April 1839
11 May 1867
23 November 1890
1 August 1914
1944/1945
24 October 1945
1 January 1958
2,586.4 km2 (998.6 sq mi) (168th)
0.23 (2015)[3]
643,941 [5]
255/km2 (660.4/sq mi) (58th)
2024 estimate
2023 estimate
29.6[7]
low
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With an area of 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi), Luxembourg is Europe's seventh-smallest country.[15] In 2024, it had a population of 672,050, which makes it one of the least-populated countries in Europe,[16] albeit with the highest population growth rate;[17] foreigners account for nearly half the population.[18] Luxembourg is a representative democracy headed by a constitutional monarch, Grand Duke Henri, making it the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy.
Luxembourg is a developed country with an advanced economy and one of the world's highest GDP (PPP) per capita as per IMF and World Bank estimates. The nation's levels of human development and LGBT equality are ranked among the highest in Europe.[19][20] The historic city including its fortification was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of its vast fortifications and historic quarters.[21] Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union,[22] OECD, the United Nations, NATO, and the Benelux.[23][24] It served on the United Nations Security Council for the first time in 2013 and 2014.[25]
