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Miguel Nicolelis

Miguel Ângelo Laporta Nicolelis (Portuguese pronunciation: [miˈɡɛw ˈɐ̃ʒelu lɐˈpɔɾtɐ nikoˈlɛlis], born March 7, 1961), is a Brazilian scientist, physician and Duke School of Medicine Professor in Neuroscience at Duke University, best known for his pioneering work surrounding brain-computer interface (also known as "brain-machine interface") technology.

Miguel Nicolelis

Miguel Ângelo Laporta Nicolelis

March 7, 1961 (1961-03-07) (age 63)

1

César Timo-Iaria

Biography[edit]

Nicolelis holds a medical degree from the University of São Paulo (1984), a doctorate in Sciences (General Physiology) from the University of São Paulo (1989) and a PhD in Physiology and Biophysics from Hahnemann University (now Drexel University College of Medicine). He is a full professor in the Department of Neurobiology and Co-Director of the Neuroengineering Center at Duke University (USA). Founder of the Alberto Santos Dumont Association for Research Support (AASDAP) and the Santos Dumont Institute (ISD), he proposed the use of science as an agent of social and economic transformation. Nicolelis is a Researcher at the International Institute of Neurosciences Edmond and Lily Safra (IIN-ELS) and Coordinator of the Andar de Novo Project, developed at AASDAP in São Paulo.


He and his colleagues at Duke University implanted electrode arrays into a monkey's brain that were able to detect the monkey's motor intent and thus able to control reaching and grasping movements performed by a robotic arm.[1] This was possible by decoding signals of hundreds of neurons recorded in volitional areas of the cerebral cortex while the monkey played with a hand-held joystick to move a shape in a video game. These signals were sent to the robot arm, which then mimicked the monkey's movements and thus controlled the game. After a while the monkey realised that thinking about moving the shape was enough and it no longer needed to move the joystick. So it let go of the joystick and controlled the game purely through thought. A system in which brain signals directly control an artificial actuator is commonly referred to as brain-computer interface ("BCI").


On January 15, 2008, Nicolelis lab saw a monkey implanted with a new BCI successfully control a robot walking on a treadmill in Kyoto, Japan. The monkey could see the robot, named CB, on a screen in front of him, and was rewarded for walking in sync with the robot (which was under the control of the monkey). After an hour the monkey's treadmill was turned off, but he was able to continue to direct the robot to walk normally for another few minutes, indicating that a part of the brain not sufficient to induce a motor response in the monkey had become dedicated to controlling the robot, as if it were an extension of itself.[2][3]


Nicolelis is a co-founder and scientific director of the Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute for Neuroscience of Natal, a brain research facility in Brazil.


On August 3, 2010, Nicolelis was awarded an NIH Director's Pioneer Award to continue his research on brain-machine interface technology. On January 5, 2011, Dr. Nicolelis was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.


Nicolelis is a fan of Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, a Brazilian football club; a football ball with Palmeiras crest can be seen at his website. He is currently working on a project that allowed paraplegic Juliano Pinto, a 29-year-old with complete paralysis of the lower trunk to deliver the kickoff at the opening game of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in Brazil.[4]

The True Creator of Everything[edit]

In August 10, 2020,[9] the neuroscientist Nicolelis published his book entitled The True Creator of Everything: How the Human Brain Shaped the Universe as We Know It. It is the third book of a trilogy that starts with the book Muito Além do Nosso eu (Portuguese version) in 2011, and continues with Made In Macaíba published in 2016.[10] In this book, Nicolelis explores the thesis that the human brain would be the center of the universe and tries to explain the history, the culture and the human civilization based on recently discovered principles regarding human brain function: The True Creator of Everything is a story about the creations of the human brain and the center position it should occupy in the cosmology of the universe.”[11] According to the author, the human mind works in a relative way, meaning that every movement is relative and the mind creates its own model of reality, which is constantly renewed with the information it obtains from the world. Such theory is called by Nicolelis as the “Theory of The Relativistic Brain.”[12] Building on his work with mathematician Ronald Cicurel, which they described in their 2015 monograph,[13] he argues for a more center position for the human brain in other areas of scientific knowledge, beyond just neuroscience. Nicolelis takes inspiration from Ernst Gombrich'sThe Story of Art”.[14]

. Scientific American. Dec 2014 [Nov 11, 2004]. p. 46. Retrieved Jun 12, 2014.

"50 Award: Research Leaders"

Carmena, JM; Lebedev, MA; Crist, RE; O'Doherty, JE; Santucci, DM; Dimitrov, DF; Patil, PG; Henriquez, CS; et al. (2003), , PLOS Biology, 1 (2): 193–208, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000042, PMC 261882, PMID 14624244.

"Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates"

Lebedev, MA; Carmena, JM; O'Doherty, JE; Zacksenhouse, M; Henriquez, CS; Principe, JC; (2005), "Cortical ensemble adaptation to represent actuators controlled by a brain machine interface", J. Neurosci., 25 (19): 4681–93, doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4088-04.2005, PMC 6724781, PMID 15888644.

Nicolelis, Miguel Ângelo Laporta

(2003), "Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits", Nat Rev Neurosci, 4 (5): 417–22, doi:10.1038/nrn1105, PMID 12728268, S2CID 796658.

Nicolelis, Miguel Ângelo Laporta

Pais-Vieira, Miguel; Lebedev, Mikhail; Kunicki, Carolina; Wang, Jing; (February 28, 2013), "A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real-Time Sharing of Sensorimotor Information", Scientific Reports, 3: 1319, Bibcode:2013NatSR...3E1319P, doi:10.1038/srep01319, PMC 3584574, PMID 23448946, Article no. 1319, A brain-to-brain interface (BTBI) enabled a real-time transfer of behaviorally meaningful sensorimotor information between the brains of two rats.

Nicolelis, Miguel Ângelo Laporta

Santucci, DM; Kralik, JD; Lebedev, MA; (2005), "Frontal and parietal cortical ensembles predict single-trial muscle activity during reaching movements", Eur. J. Neurosci., 22 (6): 1529–40, doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04320.x, PMID 16190906, S2CID 31277881.

Nicolelis, Miguel Ângelo Laporta

Wessberg, J; Stambaugh, CR; JD, Kralik; Beck, PD; Laubach, M; Chapin, JK; Kim, J; Biggs, SJ; Srinivasan, MA; (2000), "Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates", Nature, 408 (6810): 361–65, Bibcode:2000Natur.408..361W, doi:10.1038/35042582, PMID 11099043, S2CID 795720.

Nicolelis, Miguel Ângelo Laporta

. Vol. 1. p. 452.

20 Years of Brain-Machine Interface

. Vol. 2. p. 436.

20 Years of Brain-Machine Interface Research

Nicolelis Lab

CV and awards

at TED

Miguel Nicolelis

, 2003

New Scientist

, 2004.

New Scientist

International Institute for Neuroscience of Natal (IINN)

Rose, Charlie (Oct 16, 2003), , archived from the original on 2011-11-09.

Interview

(podcast), Scientific American, January 16, 2008

"Mindful Motion: Miguel Nicolelis and Mind-Powered Robots; and Creating Science Cities in Brazil and Beyond"

(video), FR: ESPCI, Nov 2, 2011.

Computing with Neural Ensembles

Ideas Roadshow, 2013

"Minds and Machines – A conversation with Miguel Nicolelis"