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Minecraft

Minecraft is a 2011 sandbox game developed by Mojang Studios and originally released in 2009. The game was created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language. Following several early private testing versions, it was first made public in May 2009 before being fully released on November 18, 2011, with Notch stepping down and Jens "Jeb" Bergensten taking over development. Minecraft has become the best-selling video game in history, with over 300 million copies sold and nearly 140 million monthly active players as of 2023. It has been ported to several platforms.

This article is about the video game. For the franchise, see Minecraft (franchise). For other uses, see Minecraft (disambiguation).

Minecraft

18 November 2011[a]
  • Windows, macOS, Linux
    • WW: 18 November 2011
  • Android
    • WW: 7 October 2011[1]
  • iOS
    • WW: 17 November 2011[2]
  • Xbox 360
    • WW: 9 May 2012[3]
  • Raspberry Pi
    • WW: 11 February 2013[4]
  • PlayStation 3
    • NA: 17 December 2013
    • EU: 18 December 2013
  • Fire OS
    • WW: 2 April 2014[5]
  • PlayStation 4
    • WW: 4 September 2014[6]
  • Xbox One
    • WW: 5 September 2014[7]
  • PlayStation Vita
    • NA: 14 October 2014[8]
    • EU: 15 October 2014
  • Windows Phone
    • WW: 10 December 2014[9]
  • Windows 10
    • WW: 29 July 2015[10]
  • Wii U
    • WW: 17 December 2015[11]
  • tvOS
    • WW: 19 December 2016[12]
  • Nintendo Switch
    • NA: 11 May 2017
    • PAL: 12 May 2017
  • New Nintendo 3DS
    • WW: 13 September 2017[13]
    • EU: 20 September 2018
  • ChromeOS
    • WW: 8 June 2023

In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, pixelated procedurally generated, three-dimensional world with virtually infinite terrain. Players can discover and extract raw materials, craft tools and items, and build structures, earthworks, and machines. Depending on their chosen game mode, players can fight hostile mobs, as well as cooperate with or compete against other players in the same world. Game modes include a survival mode (in which players must acquire resources to build in the world and maintain health), creative mode (in which players have unlimited resources and the ability to fly), spectator mode (in which players can fly, go through blocks, and enter the bodies of other players and entities), adventure mode (in which players have to survive without being able to build and place blocks) and hardcore mode (in which the difficulty is set to Hard and dying causes the player to lose their ability to play on that world). The game's large community also offers a wide variety of user-generated content, such as modifications, servers, skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new game mechanics and possibilities.


Minecraft has received critical acclaim, winning several awards and being cited by some as one of the greatest video games ever created; social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual Minecon conventions played prominent roles in popularizing the game. The game has also been used in educational environments to teach chemistry, computer-aided design, and computer science. In 2014, Mojang and the Minecraft intellectual property were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion. Several spin-offs have also been made, including Minecraft: Story Mode, Minecraft Earth, Minecraft Dungeons, and Minecraft Legends. In addition, a live-action film of the same name is scheduled for a theatrical release in 2025.

Gallagher, Colin (2014). Minecraft in the Classroom: Ideas, Inspiration, and Student Projects for Teachers. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press.  978-0-13-385801-3.

ISBN

(2014). Understanding Minecraft: Essays on Play, Community and Possibilities. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-7974-0.

Garrelts, Nate

Goldberg, Daniel (2013). . New York: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-537-1.

Minecraft: The Unlikely Tale of Markus "Notch" Persson and the Game That Changed Everything

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