Paleo-Balkan languages

The Paleo-Balkan languages are a geographical grouping of various Indo-European languages that were spoken in the Balkans and surrounding areas in ancient times. In antiquity, Dacian, Greek, Illyrian, Messapic, Paeonian, Phrygian and Thracian were the Paleo-Balkan languages which were attested in literature. They may have included other unattested languages.

Paleo-Balkan studies are obscured by the scarce attestation of these languages outside of Ancient Greek and, to a lesser extent, Messapic and Phrygian. Although linguists consider each of them to be a member of the Indo-European family of languages, the internal relationships are still debated. A Palaeo-Balkanic or Balkanic Indo-European branch has been proposed in recent research, comprising the Albanoid or Illyric (Albanian-Messapic), Armenian, and Graeco-Phrygian (Hellenic-Phrygian) subbranches.

Due to the processes of Hellenization, Romanization and Slavicization in the region, the only surviving representatives of the ancient languages of the Balkans are Greek and Albanian. The Albanian language evolved from either Illyrian, often supported for obvious geographic and historical reasons as well as for some fragmentary linguistic evidence,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] or an unmentioned language that was closely related to Illyrian and Messapic.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

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Proto-Indo-European

[13]

Balkan sprachbund

Graeco-Armenian

Origin of the Albanians

Graeco-Albanian

Paleo-Balkan mythology

Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

Armeno-Phrygians

Grbić, Dragana. "". In: Rhesis International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature Linguistics and Philology 7.1. Atti del Workshop Internazionale “Contact Phenomena Between Greek and Latin and Peripheral Languages in the Mediterranean Area (1200 B.C. – 600 A.D.)” Associazione Culturale Rodopis – Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Filologia Letteratura e Linguistica, 13–14 aprile 2015, 2016, 7.1, pp. 56–65.

Greek, Latin and Palaeo-Balkan Languages in Contact

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