Psychiatric hospital

Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental health hospitals, or behavioral health hospitals are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, major depressive disorder, and others.

This article is about today's psychiatric hospitals. For historical lunatic asylums, see Lunatic asylum.

Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some psychiatric hospitals may specialize only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients. Others specialize in the temporary or permanent confinement of patients who need routine assistance, treatment, or a specialized and controlled environment due to a patient's psychiatric disorder. Patients often choose voluntary commitment, but those who psychiatrists believe pose significant danger to themselves or others may be subject to involuntary commitment and involuntary treatment.^[1]^[2] Psychiatric hospitals are sometimes referred to as psychiatric wards/units, psych, wards, or units when they are located in a hospital.

Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylum. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal and focused on containment and restraint.^[3]^[4]

With successive waves of reform, and the introduction of effective evidence-based treatments, most modern psychiatric hospitals emphasize treatment, usually including a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy, that assist patients in functioning in the outside world. Many countries have prohibited the use of physical restraints on patients, which includes tying psychiatric patients to their beds for days or even months at a time,^[5]^[6] though this practice still is periodically employed in India, Japan, and other countries.^[7]

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who visited Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in 1872, leading to the 1876 book A Mad World and Its People.

Julius Chambers

who admitted herself to a mental institution in 1887, leading to the work Ten Days in a Mad-House.

Nellie Bly

Frank Smith in 1935 admitted himself into a hospital, leading to the articles "Seven days in the Madhouse" in the Chicago Daily Times.^[40]^[41]

Kankakee

Michael Mok, who investigated similarly in New York 1961, winning the .^[42]^[43]^[44]

Lasker prize

Frank Sutherland, who received coaching from a psychiatrist in order to accurately feign symptoms, and spent 31 days in late 1973 to early 1974, leading to a series of articles in the .^[45]^[46]

Nashville Tennessean

Betty Wells, who investigated in 1974, with the articles titled "A Trip into Darkness" for the .^[47]

Wichita Eagle

Camarillo State Mental Hospital History

Historical Asylums website

– Asylum wiki database

Asylum Projects

National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives

History and photographs of early psychiatric hospitals

Kirkbride Buildings

Comprehensive List of Victorian Insane Asylums in the UK

TheTimeChamber Asylum List

Bipolar Disorder at WebMD

Psychiatric hospitals rankings

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