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Romanization of Bulgarian

Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names in foreign-language contexts, or for informal writing of Bulgarian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by Bulgarian authorities is found, for instance, in identity documents and in road signage. Several different standards of transliteration exist, one of which was chosen and made mandatory for common use by the Bulgarian authorities in a law of 2009.[1][2][3]

letters involving the glide sound /j/, where some systems use Latin ⟨j⟩ and some Latin ⟨y⟩: й→j/y, ю→ju/yu, я→ja/ya; also ь→’/j/y.

letters denoting palatal/alveolar fricatives and affricates. Here, the choice is mostly between Latin letters with , as used in many Latin-based orthographies of other Slavic languages, and digraph combinations, as used in English: ж→ž/zh, ч→č/ch, ш→š/sh, щ→št/ŝ/sht. Also, Cyrillic x may be rendered as either ⟨h⟩, ⟨x⟩ or ⟨kh⟩, and Cyrillic ц as either ⟨c⟩ or ⟨ts⟩. The rendering of щ as ⟨št⟩ or ⟨sht⟩ is specific to Bulgarian and differs from the conventions for the East Slavic languages, where it is rendered mostly as ⟨šč⟩ or ⟨shch⟩.

diacritics

the letter , which in Bulgarian (unlike Russian, where it is not pronounced at all) denotes a special schwa-like vowel. This sound, which occurs in the first syllable of the country name Bulgaria (България), is variously rendered as ⟨ă⟩, ⟨ŭ⟩, ⟨a⟩, ⟨u⟩, or, in more extreme cases, ⟨y⟩ or ⟨ə⟩. Moreover, Cyrillic у, which is mostly rendered as Latin ⟨u⟩, is sometimes rendered instead as ⟨ou⟩ to distinguish it from ъ, for example in the Danchev Romanization system and based on historical etymology (e.g., the fact that Cyrillic у was descended from Uk).

ъ

The various romanization systems differ with respect to 12 out of the 30 letters of the modern Bulgarian alphabet. The remaining 18 have consistent mappings in all romanization schemes: а→a, б→b, в→v, г→g, д→d, е→e, з→z, и→i, к→k, л→l, м→m, н→n, о→o, п→p, р→r, с→s, т→t, ф→f. Differences exist with respect to the following:

Archaic letters[edit]

The archaic Cyrillic letters ѣ and ѫ, which were part of the pre-1945 orthography of Bulgarian, are variously transcribed as ⟨i͡e, e⟩, as ⟨ya, ě⟩, and as ⟨u̐, ŭǎ⟩, respectively, in the ALA/LC, BGN/PCGN and ISO 9 standards.

Personalized and stylized writing[edit]

Some people and companies prefer to use or retain personalized spellings of their own names in Latin. Examples are the politicians Ivan Stancioff (instead of "Stanchov") and Simeon Djankov[28] (instead of "Dyankov"), and the beer brand Kamenitza (instead of Kamenitsa). The freedom of using different Roman transliterations of personal names is guaranteed by Article 2(2) of the governmental 2010 Regulation for Issuing of Bulgarian Personal Documents.[29]

Belarusian alphabet

Cyrillic alphabets

Cyrillic script

Faux Cyrillic

Greek alphabet

Macedonian alphabet

Montenegrin alphabet

Romanization of Belarusian

Romanization of Greek

Romanization of Macedonian

Romanization of Russian

Romanization of Ukrainian

Russian alphabet

Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic

Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

Ukrainian alphabet

Закон за транслитерацията - Държавен вестник

British Standard 2979 : 1958, London: British Standards Institution.

G. Gerych. Ottawa University, April 1965. 126 pp.

Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets.

Perl module and online service covering a variety of writing systems. Transliteration according to several standards including ISO 9, DIN 1460 and the "Streamlined System" for Bulgarian.

Lingua:Translit

- A free online service for transliterating Bulgarian (Cyrillic) into Bulgarian (Latin script). Users can set their own personal preference for the letter substitutions of the transliteration.

2cyr.com

- Another free online transliteration service (it uses the Streamlined System with the -ia exception mentioned above).

Slovored.com/transliteration