Sardar

The , have been ruled by kings of state styled Sardar. For example, the king of Kapurthala used the title of Sardar.^[5]

Kapurthala State

In Baluchistan, the title Sardar marked the chief of his tribe.

In the , the original Nishan-i-Sardari (Order of the Leader), founded by King Amanullah in 1923, was bestowed for exceptional service to the Crown by the Afghan monarch. Recipients enjoyed the titles of Sardar-i-Ala or Sardar-i-Ali before their names and also received grants of land. The original Order was disbanded in 1929, and was later revived by King Muhammad Zahir Shah.

Royal Afghan Kingdom

In , Serdar was a rank in Bosnia Eyalet with Herzegovina Eyalet, later Bosnia Vilayet, encompassing entire Bosnia and Herzegovina, and parts of Montenegro and Serbia, as well as in other parts Ottoman Montenegro, Serbia, and other lands. Serdar was also used in the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Serbia as an honorary "title" below that of Vojvoda. For example, Janko Vukotić who was a military leader and former prime minister of Montenegro with title of Serdar. However, these were not noble titles as there was no nobility in Serbia and Montenegro and no hereditary titles apart from those borne by members of the reigning families of both countries.

Ottoman Turkey

In , Sardar-i-Bozorg was the title of both Hossein Khan Sardar and his brother Hasan Khan Qajar. Both were uncles of Agha Khan Qajar, the King-Emperor of Persia and the Commander-in-chief under Emperor Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar in the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804 and 1826.

Persia

In , village chiefs, military commanders, and noble personalities were referred to as Sardars. The title is commonly used by both Muslims and Sikhs.

Punjab

The early Maratha Empire prior to Peshwa administration (1674–1749) used the title Sardar to identify an imperial court minister with military and diplomatic functions. If granted land (jagir), the title Sardar also marked a feudal superior responsible for administration, defense and taxing of the granted territory (equivalent to the European title Count, from the French comte meaning the "companion" or delegate to the Emperor that administered a county). These Sardars of the early Maratha Empire were life peers; the title was not hereditary.

feudal

If the Sardar was appointed to of all Maratha forces, the style Senapati was used in combination (e.g., Sardar Senapati or Sarsenapati Khanderao Yesajirao Dabhade. The title Senapati is a primogeniture hereditary title, as is evidenced by the current Senapati Shrimant Sardar Padmasenraje Dabhade of Talegaon Dabhade.

Commander-in-Chief

In the , the more administrative role of Sirdar-Bahadur denoted a Governor General or Chief Minister of a remote province; this best equates to a Mughal Subahdar or British Viceroy in function and rank.

Maratha Empire

The title Sirdar was used by Englishmen to describe native noblemen in (e.g., Sirdars of the Deccan).

British India

In the of Pakistan, the word Sardar is used by the Karlal tribe, traditionally, to stress their upper-caste status.

Hazara Division

In the small district of , Kashmir, Sardar is used by the hybrid Sudhan tribe. Also, Poonch families in this region use Sardar at the beginning of their names.

Sudhanoti

Similarly Sardar is used by tribe noble men, native to the districts of Attock and adjacent areas of Rawalpindi.

Khattar

Sardar was used for important political, tribal, military and religious officers rankings by the during the period of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Sikhs

In Persian, Sardar i-Azam was occasionally used as an alternative title for the 's Head of government, normally styled Vazir i-Azam, notably in 1904-06 for a Qajar prince, Prince Major General Abdol Majid Mirza.

Shahanshah

the first Deputy Prime Minister of India was referred to as Sardar Patel; he is also now known as the "Iron Man of India".

Vallabhbhai Patel

Sadr-e-Riyasat was the title of one Constitutional of the princely state of Kashmir, Yuvaraj Shri Karan Singhji Bahadur, who was appointed as Heir Apparent in 1931. After his father had acceded to India, ending the sovereign Monarchy, Regent in 1949 to 1956. Sardar-i-Riyasat 1956 to 1965 (succeeded on the death of his father as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, 1961, no longer carrying any hereditary power), next Governor of the Indian constitutive State of Jammu and Kashmir 1965 to 1967.

Head of State

of Afghanistan had the title of Sardar as president.

Mohammed Daoud Khan

the authoritarian ruler of Turkmenistan in 1990–2006, carried a few glorifying titles, one of which was Serdar (“Leader”).^[6]

Saparmurat Niyazov

of Sikh Empire had the title of Sardar. Among Sikhs, Sardar is the title used by Sikh nobles, Military leaders & village chiefs.

Sardar Sulakhan Singh Puar

Sardar is a used by the Koli caste of Maharashtra during the reign of Bahamani and Ahmednagar Sultanates conferred by the Sultans of Both sultanates to the Koli fortkeeper or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.^{[7][8][9][10]}

title

The later under Peshwa administration (1749–1818) used the title Sardar to denote a Field Marshal or General of the Army.

Maratha Empire

was the official title of the British Commander-in-Chief of the Anglo-Egyptian army.^[2]

Sirdar

The title is also common amongst Ottomans in referring to a Commander-in-Chief. The Serbs adopted this usage from the Ottomans (e.g. Serdar Janko Vukotić).

Serdar

In Turkish, Serdar or Serdar-i-Ekrem was the title of the Commander-in-Chief in several military operations throughout the Ottoman Empire history.

In Afghanistan, Sardar-i-Salar meant or General of the Army.

Field Marshal

In Iran, is used to address Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps high-ranking officers. (see List of senior officers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards)

Sardar

During the time of , the term Sardar became even more common as a title given to Sikh men. Although it was officially reserved to address a high-ranking official or a commanding chief such as a general or officer.^[11]

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

The term Sardar is today used to refer to adult male followers of the religion of , as a disproportionate number of Sikhs have honorably served in many high-ranking positions within the Indian Army. Notable examples include Generals Joginder Jaswant Singh and Harbaksh Singh.

Sikhism

In mountaineering, a Sirdar is the local leader of the Sherpas and porters.^[12] Among other duties, he records the heights reached by individual Sherpas, which dictates the amounts the Sherpas will be paid.

Himalayan

The title Sardar was granted to various writers and poets during Rana rule in Nepal

was a World War II Royal Navy submarine.

HMS Sirdar

is a fictional Royal Navy destroyer in the novel The Guns of Navarone

HMS Sirdar

"Siridar" is a title of planetary rulers in Frank Herbert's . The Padishah Emperor's elite troops are also called the Sardaukar.

Dune

Sardar is now used for leaders of a tribe in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India. Many communities and tribes in indian subcontinent, especially in and Kashmir, use this title, including Dogar, Jat, Gujjar, Tanoli, Mughal and Sikh.

Punjab

List of Ottoman grand viziers

Mankari

Zamindar

Jagirdar

Feudalism in Pakistan

Balochistan

Baloch tribes

Mazhabi Sikh

Sardar (Sherpa)